Flei/Old draft
Ciêng (KEE-əng; natively: /kīəŋ/, Windermere: Cieng) is a tonal Ashanic language spoken in Tumhan, inspired by Vietnamese, English and Welsh. ("What if Vietnamese were rhotic?") It is closely related to Classical Windermere but is not a direct descendant of it.
Numbers: thon, rhã, ziêu, chôi, mượr, tảy, põ, sệp, loi, thão
whếp = light
whì = dust
Rhìa rít mì Whền Whết Mer = I live in Whehli (means something different with different tones)
lieb "to put" ~ lliệm
dưan tlẹ = to thank in Ciêng?
tlẹ could be cognate to tănlea "to refuse", dưan is cognate to Windermere şän
chổi = reflexive pronoun
thỏi = learn (~ snoach)
rêng = net
truồng = long
| No. | English | Windermere |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | rhìa |
| 2 | you (singular) | sên (masculine), sểr (feminine) |
| 3 | he | in (masculine), ỉr (feminine) |
| 4 | we | tzá (exclusive), bàng (inclusive) |
| 5 | you (plural) | sàm |
| 6 | they | tzôr |
| 7 | this | __ se |
| 8 | that | __ fi |
| 9 | here | rădun se, dunse |
| 10 | there | rădun fi, dumfi |
| 11 | who | łieng ra, łiera |
| 12 | what | ra (in the sense of which), mül ra (in the sense of which thing) |
| 13 | where | rădun ra, dura |
| 14 | when | sngith ra, sngithra |
| 15 | how | li-tănsü fa, litra |
| 16 | not | die |
| 17 | all | tsor (preposed) |
| 18 | many | mea (preposed) |
| 19 | some | tăchung (preposed) |
| 20 | few | łüp (preposed) |
| 21 | other | nătha |
| 22 | one | do, doan |
| 23 | two | rath |
| 24 | three | stiw |
| 25 | four | smäch |
| 26 | five | müets |
| 27 | big | șir |
| 28 | long | bruang |
| 29 | wide | glep |
| 30 | thick | pănuc |
| 31 | heavy | clef |
| 32 | small | doy |
| 33 | short | ngay |
| 34 | narrow | tslüs |
| 35 | thin | sreth |
| 36 | woman | sămeang |
| 37 | man (adult male) | noaf |
| 38 | man (human being) | croth |
| 39 | child | cheth |
| 40 | wife | yănił, yănił sămeang |
| 41 | husband | yănił, yănił noaf |
| 42 | mother | ăma |
| 43 | father | ep |
| 44 | animal | triem |
| 45 | fish | thof |
| 46 | bird | rüech |
| 47 | dog | thaw |
| 48 | louse | tsit |
| 49 | snake | lier |
| 50 | worm | ging |
| 51 | tree | spüș |
| 52 | forest | cleath |
| 53 | stick | păthan |
| 54 | fruit | muad |
| 55 | seed | troas |
| 56 | leaf | cnul |
| 57 | root | ăfod |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | scey |
| 59 | flower | yar |
| 60 | grass | năfrath |
| 61 | rope | păsel |
| 62 | skin | mănew |
| 63 | meat | răsu |
| 64 | blood | prea |
| 65 | bone | ăwoch |
| 66 | fat (noun) | șüng |
| 67 | egg | crith |
| 68 | horn | bräy |
| 69 | tail | pănie |
| 70 | feather | spănga |
| 71 | hair | fnaw |
| 72 | head | ngüe |
| 73 | ear | speal |
| 74 | eye | bith |
| 75 | nose | cră'i |
| 76 | mouth | swach |
| 77 | tooth | gloł |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | troch |
| 79 | fingernail | łădie |
| 80 | foot | srup |
| 81 | leg | wab |
| 82 | knee | müt |
| 83 | hand | flen |
| 84 | wing | tsual |
| 85 | belly | sme (mi-sme = inside) |
| 86 | guts | blua |
| 87 | neck | nel |
| 88 | back | thăme |
| 89 | breast | mif |
| 90 | heart | ruas |
| 91 | liver | tsălaw |
| 92 | to drink | hür |
| 93 | to eat | tsrin |
| 94 | to bite | cișloł |
| 95 | to suck | mey |
| 96 | to spit | boar |
| 97 | to vomit | clües |
| 98 | to blow | scath |
| 99 | to breathe | tsał |
| 100 | to laugh | tăfi |
| 101 | to see | tuay |
| 102 | to hear | sișpeal |
| 103 | to know | yat mi-snar, snar (adjectival "knowing") |
| 104 | to think | crea |
| 105 | to smell | srua |
| 106 | to fear | yat mi-fănach |
| 107 | to sleep | meac |
| 108 | to live | mărit |
| 109 | to die | răchta |
| 110 | to kill | tsüp |
| 111 | to fight | pgu ya- (ya- = with) |
| 112 | to hunt | răchoy |
| 113 | to hit | łer |
| 114 | to cut | lean |
| 115 | to split | thămu |
| 116 | to stab | yäth |
| 117 | to scratch | ător |
| 118 | to dig | mătil |
| 119 | to swim | łămay |
| 120 | to fly | lut |
| 121 | to walk | seaf |
| 122 | to come | drel |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | tol (to be lying) |
| 124 | to sit | dur (to be sitting) |
| 125 | to stand | plang (to be standing) |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | crămats |
| 127 | to fall | łăpaw |
| 128 | to give | rüe |
| 129 | to hold | cwił |
| 130 | to squeeze | flie |
| 131 | to rub | thăned |
| 132 | to wash | tișrü |
| 133 | to wipe | ieth |
| 134 | to pull | scaw |
| 135 | to push | tsoy |
| 136 | to throw | trăchin |
| 137 | to tie | măreth |
| 138 | to sew | clea |
| 139 | to count | nung |
| 140 | to say | ngil |
| 141 | to sing | ngichnur |
| 142 | to play | tmus |
| 143 | to float | eaf |
| 144 | to flow | smin |
| 145 | to freeze | răbo |
| 146 | to swell | cnuș |
| 147 | sun | nieth |
| 148 | moon | chad |
| 149 | star | scie |
| 150 | water | blon |
| 151 | rain | trămäy |
| 152 | river | yoch |
| 153 | lake | păträng |
| 154 | sea | chlem |
| 155 | salt | măruth |
| 156 | stone | căthin |
| 157 | sand | tăfis |
| 158 | dust | wib |
| 159 | earth | snüe |
| 160 | cloud | pich |
| 161 | fog | yănif |
| 162 | sky | häm |
| 163 | wind | păłoa |
| 164 | snow | măchup |
| 165 | ice | thănam |
| 166 | smoke | yul |
| 167 | fire | sä |
| 168 | ash | roath |
| 169 | to burn | păngud |
| 170 | road | năsum |
| 171 | mountain | sngar |
| 172 | red | ăthaw |
| 173 | green | leth |
| 174 | yellow | cwie |
| 175 | white | feas |
| 176 | black | cdos |
| 177 | night | len |
| 178 | day | fnüd |
| 179 | year | lă'och |
| 180 | warm | sieth |
| 181 | cold | ier |
| 182 | full | tam |
| 183 | new | mălem |
| 184 | old | peth |
| 185 | good | to |
| 186 | bad | chil |
| 187 | rotten | tălich |
| 188 | dirty | crath |
| 189 | straight | glan |
| 190 | round | fădua |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | cămua |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | snaf |
| 193 | smooth | cluang |
| 194 | wet | frim |
| 195 | dry | uar |
| 196 | correct | eth |
| 197 | near | cărit |
| 198 | far | yem |
| 199 | right | tsil |
| 200 | left | smoy |
| 201 | at | mi- |
| 202 | in | mismä |
| 203 | with | ya- |
| 204 | and | te |
| 205 | if | srüe |
| 206 | because | tsin |
| 207 | name | chum |
Phonology
Consonants
m n ng /m n ŋ/
p t tr tl c qu /p t tʂ tl k kw ʔ/ (/ʔ/ not written)
ph th ch wh /f θ χ χw/
z s rh ll h /s ʃ ʂ~r̥ (Welsh ll) h/
tz ts /ts tʃ/
r l d /r l j/
Vowels
ă a â e ê i o ô ơ u ư ao eo êu aư ai oi ôi ia/iê iêu ua/uô uôi ăr ar er ir or ur âr /a ɑ: ɜ ɛ e~ɪ~ɛɪ i~ɪj ɔ o~oʊ ɵ~əʏ u: ɨ: aʊ ɛʊ eʊ aʏ aɪ ɔɪ oɪ iə iəw uə uəj + rhotic vowels/
Tones
6 tones of Viet