User:Chrysophylax/Sketches

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Proto-Celtic per Hispaniam

  1. Monophthongisation (~Late Latin)
    *oi̯, ,*ou̯, *ei̯ > ū, ū, ī
    ūnos < *oinos, tūtā < *toutā, sūlīs < *sūleis
  2. Loss of final *m
    *m > 0 / _#
    ɸatera < *ɸateram
  3. Short vowels change in quality
    • a, *e, *i, *o, *u > a, ɛ, e, ɔ, o
  4. Long vowels shorten
    • ā, *ē, *ī, *ō, *ū > a, e, i, o, u
  5. End result: 7-vowel inventory
    a ɛ e ɔ o i u
  6. Monopththongisation (Romance)
    *oi̯ , *au̯, *ai̯ > e, ɔ, ɛ~e
    makʷe < *makʷoi, tɔsɔ < *tausom, kɛkɔ < *kaikom
  7. Word-initial anaptyxis for /s/ + consonant
    *s > es / #_C
    estrɛna < *strīnām
  8. Voicing of plosives between vowels and before sonorant consonant
    p t k > b d g / V_V && _{l r}
    kɛgɔ < *kaikom, madɛra < *materam
  9. Syncope of unstressed syllables near *r and *l
    sulbɔs < *sūlibos, ɸadra < *ɸateram
  10. Debuccalisation of *ɸ
    ɸ > h / #_ && V_V
    hadra < *ɸateram, nɛhuts < *neɸūts