| Gathrírn |
|---|
| Gathrírn |
| Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|gaˈθɾin]] |
|---|
| Created by | – |
|---|
| Native speakers | - (2013) |
|---|
Gathrírn is an a priori language inspired by Celtic languages. As such, it features extensive vowel and consonant mutations, as well as a relatively complex inflectional system. Its phonetic system is also remarkable in having up to four varieties of one phoneme.
BackgroundPhonology
Consonants
|
|
Bilabial
|
Dental
|
Alveolar
|
Palatal
|
Velar
|
Glottal
|
| Plain
|
Palat.
|
Labial.
|
Gemin.
|
Plain
|
Palat.
|
Labial.
|
Gemin.
|
Plain
|
Labial.
|
Plain
|
Palat.
|
Labial.
|
Gemin.
|
| Nasal |
Voiced
|
m
|
mʲ
|
mʷ
|
m:
|
|
n
|
|
nʷ
|
n:
|
ɲ
|
|
ŋ
|
|
|
| Voiceless
|
m̥
|
|
|
n̥
|
|
|
|
|
| Plosive |
Voiced
|
b
|
bʲ
|
bʷ
|
b:
|
|
d
|
|
dʷ
|
d:
|
ɟ
|
|
g
|
|
gʷ
|
g:
|
|
| Voiceless
|
p
|
pʲ
|
pʷ
|
p:
|
|
t
|
|
tʷ
|
t:
|
c
|
|
k
|
|
kʷ
|
k:
|
|
| Fricative |
Voiced
|
|
ð
|
z
|
|
zʷ
|
|
ʑ
|
|
ɣ
|
|
|
| Voiceless
|
f
|
fʲ
|
fʷ
|
f:
|
θ
|
s
|
|
sʷ
|
s:
|
ɕ
|
|
x
|
xʲ
|
|
h
|
| Approximant |
Voiced
|
ʋ
|
|
|
|
j
|
ɥ
|
|
w
|
|
|
| Voiceless
|
|
|
|
j̊
|
|
|
ʍ
|
|
|
| Trill |
Voiceless
|
|
|
r̥
|
|
r̥ʷ
|
|
|
|
|
| Flap or tap |
Voiced
|
|
|
ɾ
|
ɾʲ
|
ɾʷ
|
|
|
|
|
| Lateral app. |
Voiced
|
|
|
l
|
|
lʷ
|
l:
|
ʎ
|
|
|
|
| Voiceless
|
|
|
l̥
|
|
l̥ʷ
|
|
|
|
|
Vowels
|
|
Front
|
Near-front
|
Central
|
Near-back
|
Back
|
| Close
|
i y
|
|
|
|
u
|
| Near-close
|
|
ʏ
|
|
ʊ
|
|
| Close-mid
|
e ø
|
|
|
|
o
|
| Mid
|
|
|
ə
|
|
|
| Open-mid
|
ɛ
|
|
|
|
ɔ
|
| Near-open
|
æ
|
|
|
|
|
| Open
|
|
|
a
|
|
|
Phonotactics
Orthography
GrammarMorphology
Mutations
Consonant mutations
Similar to Cletic languages, nouns in Gathrírn undergo several types of mutations. There are six in total: fricativisation, palatalisation, labialisation, voicing, devoicing, and nasalisation or mixed type.
| Consonant-initial mutations
|
| Unmutated |
Fricativisation |
Palatalisation |
Labialisation |
Voicing |
Devoicing |
Nasalisation
|
| b
|
bh [ʋ] |
bj |
bw |
- |
bp [p] |
mb [m]
|
| bl
|
bhl [ʋl] |
- |
- |
- |
bpl [pl] |
mbl [ml]
|
| br
|
bhr [ʋɾ] |
- |
- |
- |
bpr [pɾ] |
mbr [mɾ]
|
| d
|
dh [ð] |
dj [ɟ] |
dw |
- |
dh [ð] |
nd [n]
|
| dr
|
dhr |
- |
- |
- |
dhr |
-
|
| dv
|
dhv |
- |
- |
- |
dhv |
-
|
| f
|
- |
fj |
fw |
fv |
- |
nf
|
| fl
|
- |
- |
- |
fvl |
- |
-
|
| g
|
gh [ɣ] |
gj [ɟ] |
gw |
/ |
gk [k] |
ng [ŋ]
|
| gl
|
ghl |
glj [ʑʎ] |
/ |
/ |
gkl |
ngl
|
| gr
|
ghr |
/ |
/ |
/ |
gkr |
ngr
|
| j
|
jw [ɥ] |
/ |
w |
/ |
jh [j̊] |
nj
|
| k
|
kh [x] |
kj [c] |
kw |
kg [g] |
/ |
kh [x]
|
| kl
|
khl |
klj [ɕʎ] |
/ |
kgl |
/ |
khl
|
| kr
|
khr |
/ |
/ |
kgr |
/ |
khr
|
| h
|
/ |
hj [xʲ] |
hw [ʍ] |
gh [ɣ] |
/ |
kh
|
| hw
|
/ |
jw [ɥ] |
/ |
w |
/ |
w
|
| l
|
/ |
lj |
lw |
/ |
lh |
/
|
| m
|
mh [v] |
mlj |
mw |
/ |
/ |
/
|
| ml
|
mhl |
/ |
/ |
/ |
/ |
/
|
| mr
|
mhr |
/ |
/ |
/ |
/ |
/
|
| mn
|
mhn |
mnj |
/ |
/ |
/ |
/
|
| n
|
/ |
nj |
nw |
/ |
/ |
/
|
| p
|
ph [f] |
pj |
pw |
pb [b] |
/ |
ph [f]
|
| pl
|
phl |
/ |
/ |
pbl |
/ |
phl
|
| pr
|
phr |
/ |
/ |
pbr |
/ |
phr
|
| r
|
/ |
rj |
rw |
/ |
rh |
/
|
| rh
|
rr [r] |
rr |
rhw [r̥ʷ] |
rr |
/ |
rr
|
| lh
|
ll [l] |
ll |
lhw [l̥ʷ] |
ll |
/ |
ll
|
| s
|
sh [h] |
sj [ɕ] |
sw |
sz [z] |
/ |
/
|
| t
|
th [θ] |
tj [c] |
tw |
td [d] |
th [θ] |
th
|
| tl
|
thl |
tlj [ɕʎ] |
/ |
tdl |
thl |
thl
|
| tr
|
thr |
/ |
/ |
tdr |
thr |
thr
|
| tv
|
/ |
/ |
/ |
tdv |
tsv [sʋ] |
/
|
| tf
|
/ |
tjf [ɕf] |
/ |
tfv [dʋ] |
tsf [sf] |
/
|
| z
|
zh [ɣ] |
zj [ʑ] |
zw |
/ |
zs [s] |
/
|
| w
|
/ |
jw [ɥ] |
/ |
/ |
wh [ʍ] |
jw [ɥ]
|
| th
|
/ |
/ |
/ |
dh [ð] |
/ |
/
|
| sk
|
shk [xk] |
skj [ɕc] |
/ |
/ |
/ |
/
|
| st
|
sht [xt] |
stj [ɕc] |
/ |
/ |
/ |
/
|
Syntax