Sceptrian

Sceptrian (lusha or ...) is an a priori language created for the fantasy world Akekata by juhhmi.

History

Lore: Sceptrian language, named after the Sceptre peninsula, derives from Lutian language used in the Empire of Western Sceptre. With its 12 million native speakers, Sceptrians outnumber Khattish and Guddean, the other main West-Herookuan languages.

Basic Grammar

Fusional, subject-verb-object, two numbers, three persons, three noun classes, nine inflected cases with absolutive-ergative alignment

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labio-dental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m m			nn n			ng ŋ
Plosive	p b p b			t d t d			k g k g	q q
Fricative		f v f v	th dh θ ð	s z s z	sh zh ʃ ʒ		h x		h h
Affricate				ts t͡s
Approximant						j j
Trill				r r
Lateral	pl bl pˡ bˡ		tl dl tˡ dˡ	l sl l ɬ			kl gl kˡ gˡ

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i i		u u
Close-mid	e e
Mid		o ə
Open-mid	é ɛ		ó ɔ
Open		a ä

• Lateralization, nasalization and rhotacization are used for grammatical purposes (tense, aspect, mood; cases, possessive affixes...)
  • Not with every vowel or different results?

Phonotactics

Semivowels: /tlɬ/, /djk/, /bwm/, /trn/

Orthography

Script from auman templar/jauhmö

Morphology

Pronouns

Personal

Polite versions as well (which influenced Aoma) Third person only as demonstratives

Nouns

Numbers SG and PL

Classes

Abstract, animate, inanimate

Declension

Cases:

• Absolutive (ABS): Unmarked base form for subjects of intransitive and objects of transitive verbs
• Ergative (ERG): Agents of transitive verbs
• Dative (DAT): Indirect object; alienable possession (his house); comparison (with ADJ comparative)
• Possessive (POS): Inalienable possession (his head)
• Instrumental-comitative (INS): Using something; with someone; in antipassive constructions
• Lative (LAT): Movement to (+sublative (surface))
• Locative-temporal (LOC-TEMP): Place (+superessive); time (when/duration...verb telicity); with some adpositions
• Ablative (ABL): Movement from (+delative)
• Vocative (VOC): addressing (people, gods)

Possessive affixes mingle with the cases

Adjectives

agree

Verbs

Conjugation

From core nouns: "way-markers" → how the verb reflects the core noun: similarity, making, using...

Tense

Aspect

Telicity (completion) marked in verbs: suomessa ammuin karhun vs. ammuin karhua

Mood

Voice

Antipassive construction: agent (ERG) into subject (ABS) and object (ABS) into instrumental-comitative (INS)

Non-finite forms

Multiple... --> adjectives?

Adpositions

"in" with lative, locative and ablative cases to form illative, inessive, elative

Numerals

Decimal base was adopted due to commerce, but traces of the former octal base remain

Syntax

Word order

• SVO
• adjectives precede genitives follow