Camalic
Camalic is a small language family spoken in Irta's Northern Africa and Southern Europe. Its urheimat is in Irta Tunisia.
Phylogeny
- Central Camalic
- Old Bhadhagha (literally read Irish with fh and sh all over the place)
- Padmanábha (Dano-Khmer)
- Modern Bhadhagha (Gussnish gib)
- Irtan Sicilian
- Old Bhadhagha (literally read Irish with fh and sh all over the place)
- Peripheral Camalic
- Camalanàbha (Sanskrit gib)
- Skézaric (placeholder name)
- Camalanàbha (Sanskrit gib)
Phonology
Proto-Camalic had the following phonemes:
- e o i u ē ō ī ū ai au ia ua
- p b t d ts k g m n ŋ s θ~ʂ z ð~ʐ ɬ l r w y h H
- H is just there for the Sanskrit gibbiness in Camalanàbha: t tH d dH > t th d(breathy) d(creaky) > t th dh d
- contrastive stød
Syntax
Proto-Camalic was most likely SOV, and had prefix and suffix conjugations.
Morphology
Nouns
Proto-Camalic had three grammatical genders:
- animate
- inanimate
- caland
The caland gender was made up of nouns that resulted from nominalized participles and adjectives and consisted of both animate nouns (e.g. names of professions) and inanimate nouns. Abstract nouns were usually caland.
There were also three grammatical cases: agentive/instrumental, patientive and genitive. Case was not marked by noun morphology but by preposed particles. The agentive case was marked with the particle *la~li (believed by Nostraticists to be cognate with Semitic *li- "to" and Indo-European *-(t/dʰ)lom ~ *-(t/dʰ)lis). The genitive case was marked with the particle *i. In Central Camalic (e.g. Padmanábha), influenced by Indo-European and Semitic languages, the case particles are preposed while in Peripheral Camalic (e.g. Camalanàbha), the particles evolved into suffixes in a more typically Eurasian nom-acc system.
Proto-Camalic also had an extensive array of derivational affixes.
The definite article in Proto-Camalic was *sa.
Adjectives
Proto-Camalic didn't have adjectives as a distinct part of speech. Most adjectives in other Camalic languages derive from verbs in Proto-Camalic though some are derived from nouns (e.g. nisba/Hoffmann's).
Verbs
Some kind of stress-induced ablaut/lengthening?