Consonants
spelling |
IPA |
Remarks
|
normally |
final
|
b
|
/b/ |
/p/ |
|
ch
|
/x/ |
|
c
|
/tʃ/ |
|
cg
|
/dʒ/ |
/tʃ/ |
Treated as a double consonant in terms of checking syllables.
|
d
|
/d/ |
/t/ |
|
f
|
/f/ |
|
g
|
/ɡ/ |
/k/ |
|
h
|
/ɦ/ |
— |
|
j
|
/j/ |
— |
|
k
|
/k/ |
|
l
|
/l/ |
Pronounced dark/velarized ([ɫ]) word-finally and before consonants.
|
lj
|
/ʎ/
|
m
|
/m/ |
|
n
|
/n/ |
Assimilates place of articulation with following consonant.
|
nj
|
/ɲ/ |
|
ng
|
/ŋ/ |
|
p
|
/p/ |
|
r
|
/r/ |
|
s
|
/s/ |
|
sc
|
/ʃ/ |
Treated as a double consonant in terms of checking syllables.
|
t
|
/t/ |
|
v
|
/v/ |
— |
|
w
|
/v/ |
/f/ |
|
z
|
/z/ |
— |
|
zc
|
/ʒ/ |
— |
Treated as a double consonant in terms of checking syllables.
|
|
Vowels and diphthongs
spelling |
IPA
|
checked |
free
|
a
|
/ɑ/ |
/aː/
|
aa
|
/aː/ |
—
|
ä
|
/æ/ |
/ɛː/
|
ää
|
/ɛː/ |
—
|
aai
|
/aːi̯/
|
aau
|
/aːu̯/
|
ai
|
/ɑi̯/
|
au
|
/ɑu̯/
|
e
|
/ɛ/, /ə/[1] |
/e(ː)/, /ə/[1]
|
ea
|
/e̯a/
|
ee
|
/eː/
|
eei
|
/eːi̯/
|
eeu
|
/eːu̯/
|
ei
|
/iː/
|
i, y
|
/ɪ/, /ə/[1] |
—
|
ie
|
/iə̯/
|
ij
|
/ɪi̯~ei̯/
|
iu
|
/ɪʊ̯/
|
o
|
/ɔ/ |
/oː/
|
oa
|
/o̯a/
|
oi
|
/ɔi̯/
|
oo
|
/oː/ |
—
|
ooi
|
/oːi̯/
|
oou
|
/oːu̯/
|
ou
|
/uː/
|
ö
|
/œ/ |
/øː/
|
öa
|
/ø̯a/
|
öö
|
/øː/
|
öü
|
/yː/
|
u
|
/ʊ/ |
/uː/
|
ue
|
/uə̯/
|
ui
|
/ʊɪ̯/
|
uu
|
/ʊu̯~ou̯/
|
ü
|
/ʏ/ |
/yː/
|
üe
|
/yə̯/
|
üü
|
/ʏy̆~øy̆/
|
|