Kṽarna

Kwarna
Kṽarna
Pronunciation	[[Help:IPA\|kʍarnɐ]]
Created by	Marvin Johanning
Date	2015
Setting	Used for official documents of the Institute for Jeïos, personal use
Language family	Language isolate Kwarna
Official status
Regulated by	Institute for Jeïos
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

History

Phonology

All vowels can be long. The vowels in paratheses are borrowed from other languages and are not native

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i (y)		u
Mid	e (ø) ɛ	ə	ɔ o
Open	a	ɐ

	Bilibial	Labiodental	Dental	Alveolar	Post-alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal	m			n		ɲ	ŋ
Plosive	p b			t d		ɟ	k g		ʔ
Affricative				t͡s	tʃ dʒ
Fricative		f v	θ ð	s z	ʃ ʒ	ʝ ç		ʁ χ	h
Approximant		(ʋ)				j	w ʍ
Trill				r r̥
Lateral fric.				ɬ
Lateral app.				l
Flap				ɾ

Ortography

Kwarna uses the Latin alphabet with a couple of extensions

Grammar

Pronouns

English	Kõraakii
I	Ẽo
You	Laña
He	Prasna
She	Krasna
It	Rasna
We	Ẽoler
You (pl.)	Lañaler
They	Prasnaler, krasnaler, rasnaler

Articles

There are no articles in Kwarna. The accusative suffix "-juva" can be used to indicate that you are talking about a specific item

Conjugation

Presens Conjugation

ŧağa → to be -ğa is the stem of the verb. If the pronouns starts with a vowel (e.g. Ẽo), then the "ğ" stays. For any other case, the "ğa" is removed completly, and the pronoun is added to the remaining verb

ŧağa → ŧa(ğ) → ŧağẽo (I am) → ŧalaña (you are)

Past Conjugation

The past works almost the same as the presens, but instead of adding the pronouns to the stem of the verb, the pronouns are added to the stem of the verb + "gu"

ŧağa → ŧa- → ŧagu (past stem)
ŧagṽẽo¹ (I was)
ŧagulaña (you were)

¹When the pronoun start with a vowel, the "u" is being replaced with a ṽ

Future Conjugation

The past works almost the same as the presens, but instead of adding the pronouns to the stem of the verb, the pronouns are added to the stem of the verb + "la"

ŧağa → ŧa- → ŧala (future stem)
ŧalağẽo (I will be)
ŧalalaña (you will be)

Negation

Negation is indicated by a „đa“ directly after the stem of the verb.

I do not like being in school
Ẽojẽo koli gamađağẽo đağa
Ẽo-jẽo koli gama-đa-ğ-ẽo đa-ğa
1SG-ALL school like-NEG-ğ-PRS.1SG be.inside-INF
I-to school like-not-I be inside
Me school not like to be inside

Questions

To indicate a question, the word order is changed (like in English) and the suffix -zõ is added onto the verb. An example: Ikka wõri = I am
Wõrizõ ikka? [wø:ri'zø: ɪka] = Am I?