Qino (native: Qino afka /ɠíno afka/) is a Lowland East Cushitic conlang.

Introduction

Qino is a Lowland East Cushitic language with implosives. The phonology is largely inspired by Hadda. The syntax and verbal morphology are most similar to Saho-Afar.

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns (and pronouns) are declined by case.

  • Absolutive: Citation form, used for the direct object of a verb, the object of adpositions, and predicative nouns. Personal pronouns have a distinct accusative form that is used for direct objects.
  • Nominative: Subject of verb.
  • Genitive: Possession.
  • Dative: Recipient, benefactor, purpose.
  • Ablative: Source.
  • Instrumental: Instrument, means, agent, reason, time.
  • Comitative: Accompaniment.
  • Locative: Location.

Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

Qino independent personal pronouns
Absolutive Nominative Accusative Possessive Dative Ablative Instrumental Comitative Locative
1S ana anú kiyya kíyyi anoo anak anas anal anad
2SM ata atú kaaha kaáhi atoo atak atas atal atad
2SF ati atí taati taáti atii atiik atis atil atid
3SM usa usú keesha keéshi usoo usak usas usal usad
3SF ishi ishí teeti teéti ishii ishik ishis ishil ishid
1Ex una unú keena keéni unoo unak unas unal unad
1Inc anáni ananí kiina kiíni ananii ananik ananis ananil ananid
2P atáni ataní siina siíni atanii atanik atanis atanil atanid
3P isáni isaní koota koóti isanii isanik isanis isanil isanid
Qino clitic personal pronouns
Subject Accusative 1 Accusative 2 Dative Ablative Instrumental Comitative Locative
1S an yi kii yoo yak yas yal yad
2SM at ku kaa kuu kuk kus kul kud
2SF at tu taa tuu tuk tus tul tud
3SM us kee keesh keeshoo keeshak keeshas keeshal keeshad
3SF ish tee teet teetoo teetak teetas teetal teetad
1Ex un nu keen noo nak nas nal nad
1Inc anan yin kiin yinoo yinak yinas yinal yinad
2P atan sin siin sinoo sinak sinas sinal sinad
3P isan koo koot kootoo kootak kootas kootal kootad
REF is isoo isak isas isal isad
REC ol oloo olak olas olal olad

Notes:

  • When there is one accusative object pronoun, either the "accusative 1" or "accusative 2" forms can be used. When there are multiple clitic objects, the final one takes the "accusative 2" form and the rest the "accusative 1" form.
  • Third person clitic pronouns are often omitted. When the this occurs in oblique cases, the corresponding free postposition forms are used (oo, ak, as, al, and ad respectively).

Syntax

Constituent order

SOV

Noun phrase

  • Modifiers come before the noun being modified.
  • Case endings and postpositions come at the end of a noun phrase, which often ends in a noun but may not. If it does not end in a noun, independent forms are used.

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources