Fifth Linguifex Relay/Siyayu Ürüküs
Introduction
Siyayu Ürüküs merges the object and the patient of low-volition intransitive verbs (Ø), but distinguishes the subject of a high-agency intransitive verb (S) and the agent of a transitive verb (A). Nouns follow their modifiers but precede any genitive relation. Pronominal affixes are an exception, they attach to the left. Phonetically reduced forms of pronouns and verbs must come in the second position in a sentence. Word order is relatively free with new information tending towards the front of the utterance.
There are two primary sets of pronoun morphs: the enclitics (su, qar, du, …) and the bound ones (nu, uyus, Ø). The distinctions are not equal, the enclitics distinguish singular and plural in addition to person, whereas the bound forms are the same for any number. Additionally, the third person is zero-marked in the bound form. A mild amount of suffixaufnahme is permitted.
Transfixes of vowels will be indicated in the gloss after a colon :, e.g. qizi ‘happiness’ glossed as happy:nmlz.II for the vowel transfix i-i.
Siyayu Ürüküs Text
- guyudu
- Mirindi qar sume ge uyusdümür ge nuzunud
- uyusdimidi subu buyunu qiduzum kurum kurum
- eʒek subu dimiste uuds ćüggüsdüü
- kurum sume ge ürgündi gayan zinisme müüzürüqüm ge nuzunud
- utusdi duzume buunuqum kurum kurum
- – Duguril Guyurus
Interlinear Gloss
| Guyudu | |||||||||
| gu~yudu | |||||||||
| inf~enjoy:inf | |||||||||
| mirin-di | qar-Ø | su=me | ge | uyus=dümür | ge | nu=zunud | |||
| end:nmlz.II.-loc | 2sg-obj | 1sg=S | this | 2.anim=die:pres.II | this | 1.anim=know:pres.I | |||
| uyus=dimi-di | su-bu | bu~yunu=me | Ø=qi<du>zum | kurum kurum | |||||
| 2.anim.gen=fire-loc | 1sg-dat | inf~remain:inf=S | 3p=<dat.appl>make_use | again (and) again | |||||
| eʒek | su-bu | dimi-s-te | uud-s | Ø=ćü<g>güs-dü-ü | |||||
| for_this | 1sg-dat | fire-gen-A | wisdom-gen | 3p=<pfv>desire:pres.II-caus-gen.appl | |||||
| kurum | su=me | ge | ürgün-di | ga~yan | zini-s | =me | Ø=müüzürü-qüm | ge | nu=zunud |
| again | 1sg=S | this | world-loc | pl~leaf | know:nlmz.II-gen | =S | 3p=bloom:irr.IV-fut | this | 1.anim=know:pres.I |
| utus-di | duzu=me | Ø=buunu-qum | kurum kurum | ||||||
| time-loc | 3pl=s | 3p=remain:irr.II-fut | again (and) again |
Key to abbreviations
| abbreviation | gloss |
|---|---|
| 1p | First person |
| 2p | Second person |
| 3p | Third person |
| sg | Singular |
| s | Subject of intransitive verb |
| pl | Plural |
| nmlz | Nominalizer |
| I-V | A certain noun or verb class (II is oft used to form abstract nouns) |
| anim | Animate |
| irr | Irrealis |
| fut | Future tense |
| pres | Present tense |
| obj | Object of a transitive verb or low-volition subject of intransitive verb |
| loc | Locative |
| inf | Infinitive, a nominalized verb form with no finite inflections. |
| pfv | Perfective aspect |
| dat | Dative |
| dat.appl | A dative applicative, transforms a verb's agent into a dative, while promoting the object to S |
| gen | Genitive |
| gen.appl | Promotes a N in the genitive to be the direct object of the verb. |
| A | Agent of a transitive verb |
| caus | Causative |
Notes
- DU
- The du-affix promotes the object to S and the agent to dative, deemphasising the agency of the original agent. Often carries a semantic benefactive tone.
- ge-headed topical clause
- Pushes a phrase into a topic-comment structure.
- kurum kurum
- Again and again, still, always, yet
- The markers for A and S are enclitic and will attach to a whole NP.