Linguifex

IPA for southern Miuicusejrn Knrawi

The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents southern Miuicusejrn Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.

This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken in southern Miuicusejrn (except the city of Sjitawat and surrounding areas). For other varieties see Knrawi IPA keys.

IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent
Consonants
c tjic to cook ski
cʰ ntáchin performance key
cˣ cji black key
ç asi shark he
çʰ shiupii wheat noodles he
h ceh many have
ɦ ua fish have
j shaia house yet
k chuh raw scout
kʰ fùch six cow
kˣ cjniu deep cow
q hyk sugarcane Iraq
qʰ nkh far Quran
qˣ kja sand Quran
kʷ guq small island square
kʷʰ uqh snake queen
kʷˣ yqj to grow queen
m iim because man
n̪ jna star anthem
ŋ thga wind sang
ɲ agchi to shoot canyon
ɴ jgr heart song
ŋʷ uwga animal penguin
p puskj yam spin
pʰ cuph snake burrow pin
pˣ guvpj posture pin
ʁ̞ marg south rai (French)
t̪ riti eye start
t̪ʰ nth water tart
t̪ˣ tjay sick tart
θ cniztí to try thing
θʰ zherg cloud thing
θˣ zjnr to eat thing
w rtiu where wing
x gij forever juga (Spanish)
xʰ shera thunder juga (Spanish)
xʷ huf small white
xʷʰ ufh middle white
χ jua all doch (German)
χʰ sjari city doch (German)
χʷ fjmm to hold white
IPA Example Translation (near) equivalent
Vowels
a agu face father
ɑ kàtiu nine father
ɘ sheya large island roses
ɛ isji big bed
ɜ ytjau to owe about
ɪ it head bid
ᵻ ycham twelve roses
ɔ qucjm cubit bot
ʊ cuy angry book
Syllabic consonants
m̩ msh dry man
n̪̍ jrn land anthem
ŋ̍ tgzh night sang
ɲ̍ icg to be sore canyon
ɴ̩ gj gold song
ŋ̍ʷ hiwǵ to drive penguin
ʀ̩ muayr̀kej to legalize rai (French)
Tones
˥ ik to see
˩ ìy to break
˥˧ cûathay sapphire
˧˩ cûathay sapphire (plural)

Differences from standard Knrawi

    • /ŋ/ assimilates as [ɲ,ŋʷ,ɴ].
  • Fortition does not occur.
  • /ɹ/ is realized as [ʁ̞].
    • Syllabic /ɹ/ is realized as [ʀ̩].
    • Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [w].
      • Syllabic [β̞] is realized as [ʊ].
  • Alveolar consonants are realized as dental.
  • Prevelar and postvelar consonants are realized as velar and uvular.
    • Prevelar and postvelar consonants are realized as palatal and velar adjacent to /ɪ/.
    • /x̟ˣ/ is realized as [χʰ].
    • /ɉ/ is realized as [j].
      • Syllabic /ɉ/ is realized as [ᵻ].
  • /ʍ/ is realized as [w].
  • Labialized /θ,θʰ,θˣ/ are realized as [xʷ,xʷʰ,χʷ]
  • Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ,a/ are realized as [ɪ,ʊ,a].
  • [ɪ,ʊ,a,ᵻ] are realized as [ɛ,ɔ,ɑ,ɜ] adjacent to uvular consonants and velar-aspirated consonants.
  • Epenthetic [ə] is realized as [ɘ]
  • [ʔ̞] is realized as [ɦ].
  • /˧˩/ is distinct from /˥˩/ [˥˧].
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