Chlouvānem/Calendar and time: Difference between revisions

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=== Telling the time ===
=== Telling the time ===
Telling the time in Chlouvānem needs knowledge of the hour system described above. A hour is expressed as either e.g. ''Y 3:24'' or ''Y 3.2:04'', where:
Times are expressed in a format such as ''Bh 4.30'', representing, in this example, four and a half hour (''garaṇa'') in the afternoon (note that the format is always duodecimal; 4.30 is four hours and thirty-six<sub>10</sub> minutes). Unlike direct naming of hours, telling the time uses, in some forms, the cardinal numeral.
* ''Y'' stands for ''yartām'' (morning);
* ''3:24'' stands for 3 hours and 24 (28<sub>10</sub>) tetacuneyai (g:yy format);
* ''3.2:04'' stands for 3 hours, 2 tetacuṃlāṇai (20 (24<sub>10</sub>) tetacuneyai), and 3 tetacuneyai (g.l:yy format).
The question for asking the time is either ''yanūḍat garaṇa dam (vi)?'' (*how many hour is it?) or ''garaṇa mæn yananū dam (vi)?'' (talking about the hour, which [one] is it?).
The question for asking the time is either ''yanūḍat garaṇa dam (vi)?'' (*how many hour is it?) or ''garaṇa mæn yananū dam (vi)?'' (talking about the hour, which [one] is it?).


When using the g:yy format, numbers are commonly read as they are written, except for 90, which is the half hour. Examples (note that, as it often happens in Chlouvānem, ''vi'' can be omitted):
The simplest way to tell the time is simply reading the number of hours and the number of railai alone, followed by the locative case of the time period (8-hour division, ''garaṃlāṇa''), and ''vi'', the 3SG of "to be", which is usually always stated:
* ''L 1:10 — leila māmei lalei vi'' (it's one and twelve of the night)
* ''Bh 4.1ᘔ'' ''nęlte hælьmāmitålda bhraṃšāye vi'' (it's four and twenty-two<sub>10</sub> <small>(four and one dozen plus ten)</small> in the afternoon).
* ''L 1:Ɛ0 — leila māmimīram lalei vi'' (it's one and 132 of the night)
* ''L 2.57'' — ''dani šulkmāmichīka lalie vi'' (it's two and sixty-seven<sub>10</sub> <small>(two and five dozens plus seven)</small> in the night).
* ''L 1:90'' — either ''leila daniāmita no lalei vi'' (it's half and one of the night) or ''leili daniāmita lalei vi'' (it’s half one of the night).
This format is, however, rarely used, mainly when reading legal texts or giving second-hand reports (therefore it's extremely common in news reports).
In this last case, the reading ''leil mojemāmei lalei vi''" is possible, but very rare (usually in formal communications only).


However, the g:yy format is rarely used colloquially, as the spoken form always tells tetacuṃlāṇai and always tells how much time remains until the next hour (or tetacuṃlāṇa):
The main system used takes three main reference points - ''.00'', ''.20'', and ''.40'' - dividing therefore the hour in three equal parts of 20<sub>12</sub> railai, and expresses time relative to those three. The half hour (''.30'') is additionally used as a secondary reference point:
* ''L 1.1:00 (L 1:10)'' — ''vælden daniå lalei vi'' (it's eleven [tetacuṃlāṇai] to two of the night)
* ''Bh 2.00'' — ''dani bhraṃšāye vi'' (it's two in the afternoon)
* ''L 1.Ɛ:00 (L 1:148)'' ''leila daniå lalei vi'' (it's one to two of the night)
* ''Bh 2.20'' — ''dani bhraṃšāye pāmvendvāṭ (no) vi'' (it's two in the afternoon and one third)
If tetacuṃlāṇai are not complete, then there are two possible forms: one used in one of the first eight tetacunīye that says "it's the Xth tetacuṃlāṇa with Y tetacuneyai”, and another one used in the latter eight that uses "it's X tetacuneyai to the Yth tetacuṃlāṇa”:
* ''Bh 2.30'' — ''vālьpāmvya bhraṃšāye vi'' (it's 2½ in the afternoon) or less commonly ''dani bhraṃšāye hælinaivāṭ (no) vi'' (it's two in the afternoon and half)
* ''L 1.2:4 (L 1:34)'' — ''hælinaikah nęltą lā leili lalei vi'' (it's the second [tetacuṃlāṇa] with four [tetacunīye] of one of the night)
* ''Bh 2.40'' — ''pāmvyå bhraṃšāye pāmvendvāṭ vi'' (it's one third to three in the afternoon) or less commonly ''dani bhraṃšāye dani pāmvendvāṭ (no) vi'' (it's two in the afternoon and two thirds)
* ''L 1.2:ᘔ (L 1:40)'' — ''chīka pāmvendiom leili lalei vi'' (it's seven [tetacunīye] to the third [tetacuṃlāṇa] of one of the night)
Time is usually additive and not subtractive, except for ''.40'' (as in the previous example), ''.46'', ''.50'', and ''.56'' (respectively ¼, 10<sub>12</sub>, and 6 minutes before the next hour). Subtractive time is, as expected, expressed by the dative case of the next hour
When hours are inside a punctual time expression, they are read in the locative case, e.g. ''B 2.9:6-e yahītite lā ē'' "at 2.9:6 (2:120) of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”: ''mojende tulūʔąa lā danīyi bembyē yahītite lā ē'' “at the ninth [tetacuṃlāṇa] with six [tetacunīye] of two of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”.
* ''Bh 2.46'' — ''pamvyå bhraṃšāye māmivælka vi'' (it's sixteen<sub>12</sub> to three in the afternoon)
* ''Bh 2.50'' — ''pamvyå bhraṃšāye māmei vi'' (it's twelve to three in the afternoon)
* ''Bh 2.56'' — ''pamvyå bhraṃšāye tulūɂa vi'' (it's six to three in the afternoon)
For all other cases, the time is told as "<small>ORDINAL IN LOCATIVE CASE OF THE HOUR</small>, <small>GARAṂLĀṆA IN GENITIVE CASE</small>, <small>ORDINAL OF THE ELAPSED THIRD OF HOUR</small> (except for ''.01'' to ''.1Ɛ'') and <small>NUMBER OF RAILAI</small>". Note that, however, in most cases Chlouvānem people approximate to the nearest six railai (e.g. ''.24'' is told as if it were ''.26''):
* ''Bh 2.1Ɛ'' — ''daniendie bhraṃšāyi māmivælden vi'' (it's twenty-three<sub>10</sub> <small>(two and one dozen plus eleven)</small> in the second of the afternoon)
* ''Bh 2.35'' — ''daniendie bhraṃšāyi lahīla māmišulka (no) vi'' (it's the first [third of hour] and seventeen<sub>10</sub> <small>(one dozen plus five)</small> in the second of the afternoon)
* ''Bh 2.48'' — ''daniendie bhraṃšāyi hælinaika tītya (no) vi'' (it's the second [third of hour] and eight in the second of the afternoon)
 
The word ''raila'' is usually never stated if the hour number is present; if it is implied, then ''raila'' (always in the singular, as it's preceded by a numeral) must be stated - note also the question about minutes, not the hour:
* ''yanūḍat raila dam?'' — *How many minutes is it?
* ''pamihælī raila vi'' — Fifteen<sub>10</sub>.
 
When hours are inside a punctual time expression, the head of the phrase (the hour in ''.00'' and ''.30''; the number of minutes or ''pamvendvāṭ'' otherwise) is put in the locative case, e.g. ''Bh 4.07-e yahītite lā ē'' "at 4.07 of the afternoon, (s)he was reading” is read as ''nęltendie bhraṃšāyi chīke yahītite lā ē'' “at seven [railai] in the fourth [hour] of the afternoon, (s)he was reading”.


==Notes==
==Notes==
[[Category:Chlouvānem]]
[[Category:Chlouvānem]]
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