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====Focus particles==== | ====Focus particles==== | ||
*'''ni-''' : | *'''ni-''' : | ||
**(with nominals): places focus on the nominal - e.g. ኒሚ | **(with nominals): places focus on the nominal - e.g. ኒሚ ኛዬዴ ''<b>nimí</b> nyayédde.'' "<b>It is I</b> who walked." (compare: ሚኒ ኜዴ ''míni nyédde.'' "I walked.") | ||
**(with verbs in the indicative): places focus on the verb - e.g. ኒኜዴ ''ninyedde'' "I did walk" (i.e. "(it is true) that I walked") | **(with verbs in the indicative): places focus on the verb - e.g. ኒኜዴ ''ninyedde'' "I did walk" (i.e. "(it is true) that I walked") | ||
**(with verbs in the subjunctive): "that" - e.g. ኒኜዴ ''ninyeddé'' "that I walk". Can be used for necessative (must, should), often in combination with the applicative - e.g. ኒኜዴ (ዪኝዋለ) ''ninyeddé (yinywálä)'' "I must walk" (literally: "(there is on me) that I walk") | **(with verbs in the subjunctive): "that" - e.g. ኒኜዴ ''ninyeddé'' "that I walk". Can be used for necessative (must, should), often in combination with the applicative - e.g. ኒኜዴ (ዪኝዋለ) ''ninyeddé (yinywálä)'' "I must walk" (literally: "(there is on me) that I walk") | ||
*'''si-''' : negative counterpart of ''ni'' | *'''si-''' : negative counterpart of ''ni'' | ||
**(with nominals): negates and places focus on the nominal - e.g. ሲሚ | **(with nominals): negates and places focus on the nominal - e.g. ሲሚ ኛዬዴ ''<b>simí</b> nyayédde.'' "<b>It is not I</b> who walked." (compare: ኒሚ ሲኛዬዴ ''nimí sinyayédde.'' "It is I who did not walk."; ሚኒ ከኜዴም ''míni känyéddem.'' "I did not walk.") | ||
**(with verbs in the indicative): negates and places focus on the verb - e.g. ሲኜዴ ''sinyedde'' "I did not walk" (i.e. "(it is true) that I did not walk") | **(with verbs in the indicative): negates and places focus on the verb - e.g. ሲኜዴ ''sinyedde'' "I did not walk" (i.e. "(it is true) that I did not walk") | ||
**(with verbs in the subjunctive): "that not" - e.g. ሲኜዴ ''sinyeddé'' "that I not walk". Can be used for negative necessative (must not, should not), often in combination with the applicative - e.g. ሲኜዴ (ዪኝዋለ) ''sinyeddé (yinywálä)'' "I must not walk" (literally: "(there is on me) that I do not walk") | **(with verbs in the subjunctive): "that not" - e.g. ሲኜዴ ''sinyeddé'' "that I not walk". Can be used for negative necessative (must not, should not), often in combination with the applicative - e.g. ሲኜዴ (ዪኝዋለ) ''sinyeddé (yinywálä)'' "I must not walk" (literally: "(there is on me) that I do not walk") |
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