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Persiran: Difference between revisions
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Close | ! style="" |Close | ||
| | | i | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
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! style="" |Near-close | ! style="" |Near-close | ||
| | | | ||
| ɪ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | ʊ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Close-mid | ! style="" |Close-mid | ||
| e ø | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | o | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Mid | ! style="" |Mid | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Open-mid | ! style="" |Open-mid | ||
| ɛ œ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | ʌ ɔ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" |Near-open | ! style="" |Near-open | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| | | ɐ | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
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===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --> | <!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. --> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Letter !! Pronunciation !! Name | |||
|- | |||
| Aa || /ɐ/ || a | |||
|- | |||
| Bb || /b/ || bej | |||
|- | |||
| Dd || /d/ || dej | |||
|- | |||
| Ee || /ɛ/ || ie | |||
|- | |||
| Ff || /f/ || fej | |||
|- | |||
| Ii* || /i/ or /j/ || i | |||
|- | |||
| Jj || /j/ || joj | |||
|- | |||
| Kk || /k/ || kej | |||
|- | |||
| Ll || /l/ || el | |||
|- | |||
| Łł || /ɭ/ || łej | |||
|- | |||
| Mm || /m/ || em | |||
|- | |||
| Nn || /n/ || en | |||
|- | |||
| Oo || /o/ || o | |||
|- | |||
| Pp || /p/ || pej | |||
|- | |||
| Rr || /ʁ/ || er | |||
|- | |||
| Tt || /t/ || tej | |||
|- | |||
| Ss || /s/ || es | |||
|- | |||
| Šš || /ʃ/ || ša | |||
|- | |||
| Ćć || /t͡s/ || ećie | |||
|- | |||
| Čč || /t͡ʃ/ || če | |||
|- | |||
| Uu || /ʊ/ || u | |||
|- | |||
| Vv || /v/ || vej | |||
|- | |||
| Zz || /z/ || zej | |||
|- | |||
| Žž || /ʒ/ || aža | |||
|} | |||
* The letter "i" is pronounced as /i/ when by itself; however, when it precedes another vowel it is pronounced as /j/. | |||
<br> | |||
<br> | |||
When a vowel is unstressed and in the last syllable of a word, it may have a different pronunciation. Please take note of the following: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| <b>a</b> || /ɪ/ | |||
|- | |||
| <b>e</b> || /ʌ/ | |||
|- | |||
| <b>i</b> || /ɪ/ | |||
|- | |||
| <b>o</b> || /ø/ | |||
|- | |||
| <b>u</b> || /œ/ | |||
|} | |||
<br><br> | |||
When a vowel is followed by a "j", it adds a short "i" sound, similar to the "Й" letter in Russian. The pronunciations of "aj", "ej", "ij", "oj", and "uj" are in the following table: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
| <b>aj</b> || /aɪ/ | |||
|- | |||
| <b>ej</b> || /e/ | |||
|- | |||
| <b>ij</b> || /ij/ | |||
|- | |||
| <b>oj</b> || /ɔɪ/ | |||
|- | |||
| <b>uj</b> || /ʊj/ | |||
|} | |||
==Grammar== | ==Grammar== | ||
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! Middle !! Passive | ! Middle !! Passive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| <center> | | <center>oš</center> || <center>oč</center> | ||
|} | |} | ||
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:* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite" | :* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite" | ||
===Adjectives / Adverbs=== | |||
Adjectives and adverbs are the same thing in Persiran. Adjectives/Adverbs always end in "-a", and can be used to modify nouns, adjectives, adverbs, or verbs. Adjectives/Adverbs always follow the word they modify. (If W = word and A = adjective/adverb, the order would be WA) | |||
<br> | |||
<br> | |||
There is no agreement with adjectives/adverbs with the word they modify. | |||
===Derivational Morphology=== | |||
====Nouns to Adjectives/Adverbs==== | |||
# Take the dictionary form of a noun, and take away the ending that represents number (ex. "mera" -> "mer" / "panać" -> "pana") | |||
# Add an "a" onto the end. If the noun (without the number ending) ends with an "a", add an "ja". (ex. "mer" + "a" = "mera" / "pana" + "ja" = "panaja") | |||
::Note: Some nouns already end with an "a" and don't change like "mera" (mother). | |||
# The example ("mera" -> "mera") turned "mother" into "motherly". The example ("panać" -> "panaja") turned "bread" into "bready". | |||
====Adjectives/Adverbs to Nouns==== | |||
# Remove the "a" ending from the end of the adjective. (ex. "bela" -> "bel") | |||
# Add the affix "av" to the end. (ex. "bel" + "av" = "belav") | |||
# The example ("bela" -> "belav") turned "beautiful" into "beauty". | |||
====Verbs to Nouns==== | |||
=====Gerunds===== | |||
This is the basic way of forming a gerund. | |||
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "surej" -> "sur") | |||
# Add the affix "el" to the end. (ex. "sur" + "el" = "surel") | |||
# The example ("surej" -> "surel") turned "to smile" into "smile". | |||
=====Doers===== | |||
This is the way of turning a verb into someone who performs that action. | |||
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "curej" -> "cur") | |||
# Add the affix "eć" to the end. (ex. "cur" + "eć" = "cureć") | |||
# The example ("curej" -> "cureć") turned "to run" into "runner". | |||
====Verbs to Adjectives/Adverbs==== | |||
=====Basic Adjectives/Adverbs===== | |||
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective/adverb. | |||
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "danšej" -> "danš") | |||
# Add the affix "a" to the end. ("danš" + "a" = "danša") | |||
# The example ("danšej" -> "danša") turned "to danse" into "dancing" or "dancingly". | |||
=====Past Participles===== | |||
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective that generally ends in "-ed" in English, or a past participle. | |||
# Take the dictionary form of a verb and add the passive voice ending "oč" to the end. (ex. "aštej" -> "aštejoč") | |||
# Break the verb into pieces (root, tense, and voice). (ex. "aštej" = "ašt" + "ej" + "oč") | |||
# Remove the "ej" affix. (ex. "ašt" + "ej" + "oč" -> "ašt" + "oč" and "ašt" + "oč" = "aštoč") | |||
# Add the affix "a" at the end. (ex. "aštoč" + "a" = "aštoča") | |||
# The example ("aštej" -> "aštoča") turned "to buy" into "bought". | |||
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[[Category:Conlangs]] | [[Category:Conlangs]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||