Persiran: Difference between revisions

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Persiran (view source)

Revision as of 01:03, 6 September 2013

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===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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|-
|-
! style="" |Close
! style="" |Close
|  
| i
|  
|  
|  
|  
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! style="" |Near-close
! style="" |Near-close
|  
|  
| ɪ
|  
|  
|  
| ʊ
|
|  
|  
|-
|-
! style="" |Close-mid
! style="" |Close-mid
| e ø
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| o
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Mid
! style="" |Mid
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|-
|-
! style="" |Open-mid
! style="" |Open-mid
| ɛ œ
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
| ʌ ɔ
|
|-
|-
! style="" |Near-open
! style="" |Near-open
|  
|  
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|  
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| ɐ
|  
|  
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|  
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===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
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===Orthography===
===Orthography===
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. -->
<!--Explain your conlang's alphabet. Use the International Phonetic Alphabet to describe the sounds of your language. If you are unsure on how to use IPA then visit: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet and read up. -->
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Letter !! Pronunciation !! Name
|-
| Aa || /ɐ/ || a
|-
| Bb || /b/ || bej
|-
| Dd || /d/ || dej
|-
| Ee || /ɛ/ || ie
|-
| Ff || /f/ || fej
|-
| Ii* || /i/ or /j/ || i
|-
| Jj || /j/ || joj
|-
| Kk || /k/ || kej
|-
| Ll || /l/ || el
|-
| Łł || /ɭ/ || łej
|-
| Mm || /m/ || em
|-
| Nn || /n/ || en
|-
| Oo || /o/ || o
|-
| Pp || /p/ || pej
|-
| Rr || /ʁ/ || er
|-
| Tt || /t/ || tej
|-
| Ss || /s/ || es
|-
| Šš || /ʃ/ || ša
|-
| Ćć || /t͡s/ || ećie
|-
| Čč || /t͡ʃ/ || če
|-
| Uu || /ʊ/ || u
|-
| Vv || /v/ || vej
|-
| Zz || /z/ || zej
|-
| Žž || /ʒ/ || aža
|}
&#x002a; The letter "i" is pronounced as /i/ when by itself; however, when it precedes another vowel it is pronounced as /j/.
<br>
<br>
When a vowel is unstressed and in the last syllable of a word, it may have a different pronunciation. Please take note of the following:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| <b>a</b> || /ɪ/
|-
| <b>e</b> || /ʌ/
|-
| <b>i</b> || /ɪ/
|-
| <b>o</b> || /ø/
|-
| <b>u</b> || /œ/
|}
<br><br>
When a vowel is followed by a "j", it adds a short "i" sound, similar to the "Й" letter in Russian. The pronunciations of "aj", "ej", "ij", "oj", and "uj" are in the following table:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| <b>aj</b> || /aɪ/
|-
| <b>ej</b> || /e/
|-
| <b>ij</b> || /ij/
|-
| <b>oj</b> || /ɔɪ/
|-
| <b>uj</b> || /ʊj/
|}


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
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! Middle !! Passive
! Middle !! Passive
|-
|-
| <center>oč</center> || <center>oš</center>
| <center>oš</center> || <center>oč</center>
|}
|}


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:* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite"
:* <b>Ekrijajaso</b> : "will rewrite" / "going to rewrite"


===Adjectives / Adverbs===
Adjectives and adverbs are the same thing in Persiran. Adjectives/Adverbs always end in "-a", and can be used to modify nouns, adjectives, adverbs, or verbs. Adjectives/Adverbs always follow the word they modify. (If W = word and A = adjective/adverb, the order would be WA)
<br>
<br>
There is no agreement with adjectives/adverbs with the word they modify.
===Derivational Morphology===
====Nouns to Adjectives/Adverbs====
# Take the dictionary form of a noun, and take away the ending that represents number (ex. "mera" -> "mer" / "panać" -> "pana")
# Add an "a" onto the end. If the noun (without the number ending) ends with an "a", add an "ja". (ex. "mer" + "a" = "mera" / "pana" + "ja" = "panaja")
::Note: Some nouns already end with an "a" and don't change like "mera" (mother).
# The example ("mera" -> "mera") turned "mother" into "motherly". The example ("panać" -> "panaja") turned "bread" into "bready".
====Adjectives/Adverbs to Nouns====
# Remove the "a" ending from the end of the adjective. (ex. "bela" -> "bel")
# Add the affix "av" to the end. (ex. "bel" + "av" = "belav")
# The example ("bela" -> "belav") turned "beautiful" into "beauty".
====Verbs to Nouns====
=====Gerunds=====
This is the basic way of forming a gerund.
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "surej" -> "sur")
# Add the affix "el" to the end. (ex. "sur" + "el" = "surel")
# The example ("surej" -> "surel") turned "to smile" into "smile".
=====Doers=====
This is the way of turning a verb into someone who performs that action.
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "curej" -> "cur")
# Add the affix "eć" to the end. (ex. "cur" + "eć" = "cureć")
# The example ("curej" -> "cureć") turned "to run" into "runner".
====Verbs to Adjectives/Adverbs====
=====Basic Adjectives/Adverbs=====
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective/adverb.
# Take the dictionary form of a verb, and remove the "ej" from the end. (ex. "danšej" -> "danš")
# Add the affix "a" to the end. ("danš" + "a" = "danša")
# The example ("danšej" -> "danša") turned "to danse" into "dancing" or "dancingly".


=====Past Participles=====
This is the basic way of turning a verb into an adjective that generally ends in "-ed" in English, or a past participle.
# Take the dictionary form of a verb and add the passive voice ending "oč" to the end. (ex. "aštej" -> "aštejoč")
# Break the verb into pieces (root, tense, and voice). (ex. "aštej" = "ašt" + "ej" + "oč")
# Remove the "ej" affix. (ex. "ašt" + "ej" + "oč" -> "ašt" + "oč" and "ašt" + "oč" = "aštoč")
# Add the affix "a" at the end. (ex. "aštoč" + "a" = "aštoča")
# The example ("aštej" -> "aštoča") turned "to buy" into "bought".




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[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
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