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'''Trây''' /trɑj/ is a Vietnamese- and German-inspired descendant of Classical Windermere. | {{IE}} | ||
'''Trây''' /trɑj/ (natively ''prits Trây''; Windermere: ''brits Dray'') is a Vietnamese-, Bavarian-, and Swiss German-inspired descendant of [[Windermere/Classical|Classical Windermere]]. It is official in Venh Trây. | |||
p, t > b, đ; b, d > p, t | ==Todo== | ||
==Diachronics== | |||
Final -r vocalizes to -a as in Boarisch | |||
p-, t- > b-, đ-; b, d > p, t | |||
Initial ph th kh from clusters/minor syllables + p t c | |||
y, w > d, v | y, w > d, v | ||
HGCS on final consonants | HGCS on final consonants: -p -t -k -f -th -ch > -f -tz -ch -p -t -c | ||
Chain shift: -l > -ng > -nh? | |||
-t > -ch after i, y, ê, e, a | |||
e, o, ea, oa > e, o, iê, uô | |||
i, u, ie, ua > ê, ô, i, u | |||
Numbers: | ü, üe > y, y | ||
Numbers: tuôn, rât, stêu, smac, myts, đâc, puôt, seb, luôi, thâp, zădau, sryc | |||
svâc = mouth | svâc = mouth | ||
scăy = forest | scăy = forest | ||
sci = star | |||
prith > prêt 'autumn' | |||
hălsieth > hozit 'warmth' | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Nasals: ''m n ng'' /m n ŋ/ | |||
'' | Plain stops: ''p t c ''' /p t k ʔ/ (unaspirated) | ||
'' | Implosives: ''b đ'' /ɓ ɗ/ | ||
'' | Affricates: ''ph th ts tx kh'' /pf ts̪ ts̺ tʃ kχ/ | ||
'' | Voiceless fricatives: ''f z s x ch'' /f s̪ s̺ ʃ χ/ | ||
''v d g'' /v ð ɣ/ | Voiced fricatives: ''v d g'' /v ð ɣ/ | ||
'' | Liquids: ''r l'' /r l/ | ||
===Vowels=== | |||
ă a â e ê i y o ô u /ə æ ɑ ɛ e i i ɔ o u/ | |||
iê uô /iə uə/ | |||
=== | ai ây ăi oy ôy au âu ău eu êu iêu iêi uôi | ||
aa âa ea êa ia ya oa ôa ua (iêa, uôa > ia, ua) | |||
y is still /y/ for older speakers. | |||
==Grammar== | |||
===Auxiliaries=== | |||
====Tense auxiliaries==== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
!| | |||
!I!!thou!!he!!she!!it!!we (exc.)!!we (inc.)!!you (pl.)!!they | |||
|- | |||
!|''mo'' (present) | |||
|''moa''||''mos''||''mon''||''moz''||''mot''||''mots''||''mop''||''moy''||''mam'' | |||
|- | |||
!|''chiê'' (past) | |||
|''chia''||''chiês''||''chiên''||''chiêz''||''chiêt''||''chiêts''||''chiêp''||''chiêi''||''chiêm'' | |||
|- | |||
!|''be'' (future) | |||
|''bea''||''bes''||''benh''||''bez''||''bet''||''bets''||''bep''||''băi''||''bem'' | |||
|} | |||
Emphatic auxiliaries: moa ri, mos sen, mon in ... | |||
==Sample text== | |||
===UDHR, Article 1=== | |||
TODO: This is just Modern Wdm with Trây sound changes | |||
Chiêm tsoa crot ăxiêl plum te thya mêz hongtlâz tez imsên. Mâm hach răphângy dâz hongpăthên tez hongslit'â, te mot pđaa thunuô sâm tăze phituôn măciêp năthâ mêz xăgoa châsrap. | |||
/kχiəm tsɔɐ̯ krɔts əʃiəŋ pɴum tɛ θyɐ̯ mes .../ | |||
[[Category:Germanic languages]] |
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