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===Vowel /ɔ/ (incl. historical */ʌo̯/)=== | ===Vowel /ɔ/ (incl. historical */ʌo̯/)=== | ||
The vowel /ɔ/ in all contemporary Chlouvānem pronunciation is the result of the merger of historical (Classical) /ɔ/ and another vowel, usually reconstructed as */ʌo̯/ or */ɔʊ̯/; both are still distinguished orthographically, with '''o''' used for the former and '''å''' for the latter, making /ɔ/ the only Chlouvānem phoneme that has two completely different letters for it to be written with. | The vowel {{IPA|/ɔ/}} in all contemporary Chlouvānem pronunciation is the result of the merger of historical (Classical) {{IPA|/ɔ/}} and another vowel, usually reconstructed as *{{IPA|/ʌo̯/}} or *{{IPA|/ɔʊ̯/}}; both are still distinguished orthographically, with '''o''' used for the former and '''å''' for the latter, making {{IPA|/ɔ/}} the only Chlouvānem phoneme that has two completely different letters for it to be written with. | ||
In almost all pronunciations (the Coastal Southwest and the Hālyanēṃṣi pronunciation being the main exceptions), when preceding any of /ɴ̆ ʀ c͡ɕ c͡ɕʰ ɟ͡ʑ ɟ͡ʑʱ/, it is raised to a mid [o̞] or high-mid [o] vowel (in free variation, not represented here): | In almost all pronunciations (the Coastal Southwest and the Hālyanēṃṣi pronunciation being the main exceptions), when preceding any of {{IPA|/ɴ̆ ʀ c͡ɕ c͡ɕʰ ɟ͡ʑ ɟ͡ʑʱ/}}, it is raised to a mid {{IPA|[o̞]}} or high-mid {{IPA|[o]}} vowel (in free variation, not represented here): | ||
: ''jålkha'' "cold" /ɟ͡ʑɔɴ̆kʰä/ – Std. [ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆kʰä], Līl. [ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆qʰɐ], Cam. [ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆kʰä], Hln. [ɟ͡ʑɔɴ̆qʰä] | : ''jålkha'' "cold" {{IPA|/ɟ͡ʑɔɴ̆kʰä/}} – Std. {{IPA|[ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆kʰä]}}, Līl. {{IPA|[ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆qʰɐ]}}, Cam. {{IPA|[ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆kʰä]}}, Hln. {{IPA|[ɟ͡ʑɔɴ̆qʰä]}} | ||
When word-final (an occurrence which is limited to borrowed proper nouns, the accusatives of dual pronouns, the dative of cardinal numerals, and some Eastern toponyms), it is realized as [oː] virtually everywhere: | When word-final (an occurrence which is limited to borrowed proper nouns, the accusatives of dual pronouns, the dative of cardinal numerals, and some Eastern toponyms), it is realized as [oː] virtually everywhere: | ||
: ''emibå'' "one" (<small>DAT.</small>) /emibɔ/ – Std., Līl., Cam., Hln. [emiboː] | : ''emibå'' "one" (<small>DAT.</small>) {{IPA|/emibɔ/}} – Std., Līl., Cam., Hln. {{IPA|[emiboː]}} | ||
: ''ilo'' "us two" /iɴ̆ɔ/ – Std., Līl., Cam., Hln. [iɴ̆oː] | : ''ilo'' "us two" {{IPA|/iɴ̆ɔ/}} – Std., Līl., Cam., Hln. {{IPA|[iɴ̆oː]}} | ||
: ''Paramito'' (name of a city) /päʀämitɔ/ – Std, Cam., Hln. [päʀämitoː], Līl. [pɐʀɐmitoː] | : ''Paramito'' (name of a city) {{IPA|/päʀämitɔ/}} – Std, Cam., Hln. {{IPA|[päʀämitoː]}}, Līl. {{IPA|[pɐʀɐmitoː]}} | ||
Currently, there is a tendency among young speakers, almost exclusively adolescents and young adults in the major urban areas, towards the development of a spelling-based phonemic distinction, with /o/ [o] corresponding to written '''o''' and /ɔ/ [ɔ] corresponding to written '''å'''. In its most radical form, this overrides even the raising of /ɔ/ (when written '''å''') and the [oː] pronunciation in words like ''emibå'' mentioned above; otherwise this tendency still keeps them merged in those contexts. However, this usage is considered non-standard and not appropriate in formal circumstances. | Currently, there is a tendency among young speakers, almost exclusively adolescents and young adults in the major urban areas, towards the development of a spelling-based phonemic distinction, with {{IPA|/o/ [o]}} corresponding to written '''o''' and {{IPA|/ɔ/ [ɔ]}} corresponding to written '''å'''. In its most radical form, this overrides even the raising of {{IPA|/ɔ/}} (when written '''å''') and the {{IPA|[oː]}} pronunciation in words like ''emibå'' mentioned above; otherwise this tendency still keeps them merged in those contexts. However, this usage is considered non-standard and not appropriate in formal circumstances. | ||
===Diphthongs=== | ===Diphthongs=== |
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