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===Historical phonology=== | ===Historical phonology=== | ||
====PIE to Early Proto-Celabrian==== | ====PIE to Early Proto-Celabrian==== | ||
*h<sub>1</sub>e > | *h<sub>1</sub>e > e | ||
*a, *h<sub>2</sub>e > | *a, *h<sub>2</sub>e > a | ||
*(H)o, *h<sub>3</sub>e > | *(H)o, *h<sub>3</sub>e > a <!--/ everywhere except before *y--> | ||
*ē, *eh<sub>1</sub> > ē | |||
*ē, *eh<sub>1</sub> > | *eh<sub>2</sub> > ā | ||
*ō, *oH, *eh<sub>3</sub> > ō | |||
*ō, *oH, *eh<sub>3</sub> > | *iH > ī | ||
*iH > | *uH > ū | ||
*uH > * | *w, *y > Ø / in long diphthongs | ||
* | *CHC > CaC | ||
* | *HC- > aC- / #_ | ||
* | *r̥H > ra | ||
* | *l̥H > la | ||
* | *n̥H > na | ||
*m̥H > ma | |||
*r̥ > ri, ar | |||
*l̥ > li, al | |||
*m̥ > am | |||
*n̥ > an | |||
-m > -n / _#, _C (assimilates to place of articulation of following consonant) | |||
labiovelar > plain velar | |||
palatovelar > plain velar / _r, _l | |||
*p; *t; *ḱ; *k > *pʰ; *tʰ; *cʰ; *kʰ | |||
*b; *d; *ǵ; *g > *p; *t; *c; *k | |||
*ǵʰ > *ʒʰ (other voiced aspirates preserved) | |||
*s > *š / r_, u_, k_, i_ (ruki sound law) | |||
*y > Ø / between front vowels | |||
Transcription differences (without sound change): | |||
*y > j | |||
*w > v | |||
*Vy > Vi | |||
*Vu > Vu | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== |
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