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Iliaqu (view source)

Revision as of 04:09, 17 December 2018

878 bytes added ,  17 December 2018
m
→‎Demonstratives
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| colspan="3" |''{{color|MediumBlue|this}} house'' — [DOM]
| colspan="3" |''{{color|MediumBlue|this}} house'' — [DOM]
|}
|}
The association between the grammatical persons and the demonstratives is strong, with words, statements and actions made by a person frequently being referred to using the appropriate demonstrative. For example, a commonly used phrase for "therefore" is ''texi {{color|MediumBlue|tie}}'' (literally 'because of this (by me)') when the reasoning is based on what the speaker just said, but when the reasoning is based on what their interlocutor just said, this phrase is ''texi {{color|MediumBlue|tia}}'' (literally 'because of that (by you)').


====Contractions====
====Contractions====


The demonstrative verbals '''''tie''''', '''''tia''''' and '''''tio''''' form contractions with third person definite inaccessible and inanimate nominals and these contractions are very commonly used, transforming the above examples to '''''xu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}} mala''''' and '''''xu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}} mala''''' respectively. Here is a table of forms.
The demonstrative verbals '''''tie''''', '''''tia''''' and '''''tio''''' form very common contractions with third person definite nominals, transforming the above examples as follows:
 
* '''''xu {{color|MediumBlue|tia}} mala''''' → '''''xu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}} mala''''' 'this house' / 'that house' (by you) 
* '''''xu {{color|MediumBlue|tie}} mala''''' → '''''xu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}} mala''''' 'this house' (by me)
* '''''texi {{color|MediumBlue|tie}}''''' → '''''texi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''''' 'so / therefore / because of what I said'
* '''''texi {{color|MediumBlue|tia}}''''' → '''''texi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''''' 'so / therefore / because of what you said'


Here is a table of forms:


::'''Definite'''
::'''Definite'''
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| || ICS Sg. || ICS. Pl. || ACS Sg. || ACS Pl. || Inan. Sg. || Inan. Pl.
| || ICS Sg. || ICS. Pl. || ACS Sg. || ACS Pl. || Inan. Sg. || Inan. Pl.
|-
|-
| Nominative Proximate || '''ju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''iju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''ja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ija{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''xu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}'''  || '''ixu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}'''
| Nominative Proximal || '''ju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''iju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''ja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ija{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''xu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}'''  || '''ixu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}'''
|-
|-
| Nominative Medial  || '''ju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''iju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''ja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ija{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''xu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}'''  || '''ixu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}'''
| Nominative Medial  || '''ju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''iju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''ja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ija{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''xu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}'''  || '''ixu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Accusative Proximate || '''ji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''je{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ije{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''|| '''xi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ixi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
| Accusative Proximal || '''ji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''je{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ije{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''|| '''xi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ixi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
|-
|-
| Accusative Medial || '''ji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''je{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ije{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''xi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ixi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
| Accusative Medial || '''ji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''je{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ije{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''xi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ixi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Dative Proximate || '''eji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ieji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''eje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ieje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''exi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iexi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
| Dative Proximal || '''eji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ieji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''eje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ieje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''exi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iexi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
|-
|-
| Dative Medial || '''eji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ieji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''eje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ieje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''exi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iexi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
| Dative Medial || '''eji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ieji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''eje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ieje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''exi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iexi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Ablative Proximate || '''jui{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ijui{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''jai{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ijai{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''xui{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ixui{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
| Ablative Proximal || '''jui{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ijui{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''jai{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ijai{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''xui{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ixui{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
|-
|-
| Ablative Medial || '''jui{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ijui{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''jai{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ijai{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''xui{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ixui{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
| Ablative Medial || '''jui{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ijui{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''jai{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ijai{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''xui{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ixui{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Locative Proximate || '''jua{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ijua{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''aja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iaja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''xua{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ixua{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
| Locative Proximal || '''jua{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ijua{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''aja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iaja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''xua{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''ixua{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
|-
|-
| Locative Medial || '''jua{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ijua{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''aja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iaja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''xua{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ixua{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
| Locative Medial || '''jua{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ijua{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''aja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iaja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''xua{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''ixua{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Genitive Proximate || '''uji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iuji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''uje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iuje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''uxi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iuxi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
| Genitive Proximal || '''uji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iuji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''uje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iuje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''uxi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iuxi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
|-
|-
| Genitive Medial || '''uji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iuji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''uje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iuje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''uxi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iuxi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
| Genitive Medial || '''uji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iuji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''uje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iuje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''uxi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iuxi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Possessive Proximate || '''uju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''iuju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''uja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iuja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''*uxu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''*iuxu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}'''
| Possessive Proximal || '''uju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''iuju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''uja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''iuja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''*uxu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''*iuxu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}'''
|-
|-
| Possessive Medial || '''uju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''iuju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''uja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iuja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''*uxu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''*iuxu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}'''
| Possessive Medial || '''uju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''iuju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''uja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''iuja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''*uxu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''*iuxu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Vocative Proximate || '''eju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''eiju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''eja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''eija{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''exu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''eixu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}'''
| Vocative Proximal || '''eju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''eiju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''eja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''eija{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''exu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''eixu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}'''
|-
|-
| Vocative Medial || '''eju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''eiju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''eja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''eija{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''exu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''eixu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}'''
| Vocative Medial || '''eju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''eiju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''eja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''eija{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''exu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''eixu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Causal Proximate || '''teji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''teiji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''teje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''teije{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''texi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''teixi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
| Causal Proximal || '''teji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''teiji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''teje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''teije{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''texi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''teixi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
|-
|-
| Causal Medial || '''teji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''teiji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''teje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''teije{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''texi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''teixi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
| Causal Medial || '''teji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''teiji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''teje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''teije{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''texi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''teixi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Benefactive Proximate || '''kuaji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''kuaiji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''kuaje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''kuaije{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''kuaxi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''kuaixi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
| Benefactive Proximal || '''kuaji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''kuaiji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''kuaje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''kuaije{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''kuaxi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''kuaixi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
|-
|-
| Benefactive Medial || '''kuaji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''kuaiji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''kuaje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''kuaije{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''kuaxi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''kuaixi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
| Benefactive Medial || '''kuaji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''kuaiji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''kuaje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''kuaije{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''kuaxi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''kuaixi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Instrumental Proximate || '''aji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''aiji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''aje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''aije{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''axi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''aixi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
| Instrumental Proximal || '''aji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''aiji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''aje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''aije{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''axi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''aixi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
|-
|-
| Instrumental Medial || '''aji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''aiji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''aje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''aije{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''axi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''aixi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
| Instrumental Medial || '''aji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''aiji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''aje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''aije{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''axi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''aixi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Comitative Proximate || '''leji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''leiji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''leje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''leije{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''lexi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''leixi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
| Comitative Proximal || '''leji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''leiji{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''leje{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''leije{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''lexi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''leixi{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}'''
|-
|-
| Comitative Medial || '''leji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''leiji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''leje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''leije{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''lexi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''leixi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
| Comitative Medial || '''leji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''leiji{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''leje{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''leije{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''lexi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''leixi{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}'''
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|
|
|-
|-
| Essive Proximate ||  '''oju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''oiju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''oja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''oija{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''oxu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''oixu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}'''   
| Essive Proximal ||  '''oju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''oiju{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''oja{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''oija{{color|MediumBlue|ie}}''' || '''oxu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}''' || '''oixu{{color|MediumBlue|ue}}'''   
|-
|-
| Essive Medial ||  '''oju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''oiju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''oja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''oija{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''oxu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''oixu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}'''   
| Essive Medial ||  '''oju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''oiju{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''oja{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''oija{{color|MediumBlue|ia}}''' || '''oxu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}''' || '''oixu{{color|MediumBlue|ua}}'''   
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