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Celabrian: Difference between revisions
→Orthography
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! Postalveolar | ! Postalveolar | ||
! Palatal | ! Palatal | ||
! Velar | ! Velar<small><sup>1</sup></small> | ||
! Uvular | ! Uvular<small><sup>2</sup></small> | ||
! Glottal | ! Glottal<small><sup>2</sup></small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | ! colspan="2" | Nasal | ||
| ''m'' | | ''m'' /m/ | ||
| | | | ||
| ''n'' | | ''n'' /n/ | ||
| | | | ||
|''ň'' | |''ň'' /ɲ/ | ||
|''ŋ'' | |''ŋ'' /ŋ/ | ||
| | | | ||
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! rowspan="3" | Plosive | ! rowspan="3" | Plosive | ||
! voiceless | ! voiceless | ||
| ''p'' | | ''p'' /pʰ/ | ||
|colspan="2"| ''t'' | |colspan="2"| ''t'' /tʰ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| ''ḱ'' | | ''ḱ'' /cʰ/ | ||
| ''k'' | | ''k'' /kʰ/ | ||
| colspan="2"| ''q'' | | colspan="2"| ''q'' /q ~ ʔ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| ''b'' | | ''b'' /b/ | ||
|colspan="2"| ''d'' | |colspan="2"| ''d'' /d/ | ||
| | | | ||
| ''ǵ'' | | ''ǵ'' /ɟ/ | ||
| ''g'' | | ''g'' /ɡ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ejective | ! ejective | ||
| ''ṗ'' | | ''ṗ'' /pʼ/ | ||
|colspan="2"| ''ṭ'' | |colspan="2"| ''ṭ'' /tʼ/ | ||
| | | | ||
| ''ḳ́'' | | ''ḳ́'' /cʼ/ | ||
| ''ḳ'' | | ''ḳ'' /kʼ/ | ||
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| ''c'' | | ''c'' /t͡sʰ/ | ||
| ''č'' | | ''č'' /t͡ʃʰ/ | ||
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| ''ʒ'' | | ''ʒ'' /d͡z/ | ||
| ''ǯ'' | | ''ǯ'' /d͡ʒ/ | ||
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| ''c̣'' | | ''c̣'' /t͡sʼ/ | ||
| ''č̣'' | | ''č̣'' /t͡ʃʼ/ | ||
| | | | ||
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! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ! rowspan="2" | Fricative | ||
! voiceless | ! voiceless | ||
| ''f'' | | ''f'' /f/ | ||
| ''θ'' | | ''θ'' /θ/ | ||
| ''s'' | | ''s'' /s/ | ||
| ''š'' | | ''š'' /ʃ/ | ||
| ''x́'' | | ''x́'' /ç/ | ||
| | | | ||
| colspan="2" | ''x'' | | colspan="2" | ''x'' /χ ~ h/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! voiced | ! voiced | ||
| ''v'' | | ''v'' /v/ | ||
| ''ð'' | | ''ð'' /ð/ | ||
| ''z'' | | ''z'' /z/ | ||
| ''ž'' | | ''ž'' /ʒ/ | ||
| rowspan="2" | ''j'' | | rowspan="2" | ''j'' /j/<small><sup>5</sup></small> | ||
| | | | ||
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''h'' | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | ''h'' /ɦ ~ ʁ/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Approximant | ! rowspan="2" | Approximant | ||
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| ''ř'' | | ''ř'' /ɹ/ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! lateral | ! lateral | ||
| | | | ||
| ''ł'' | | ''ł'' /ɫ/<small><sup>3</sup></small> | ||
| ''l'' | | ''l'' /l/<small><sup>4</sup></small> | ||
| | | | ||
| ''ľ'' [ʎ] | | <!--''ľ'' [ʎ]--> | ||
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| ''ṙ'' [r] | | ''ṙ'' [r]<small><sup>6</sup></small> | ||
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'''Notes:''' | '''Notes:''' | ||
<small><sup>1</sup></small> The guttural consonants ''q, x'', and ''h'' can be pronounced uvular or glottal depending on environment. The allophones are summarized in the table below. When two pronunciations are given, both are allowed but the first is more common. | <small><sup>1</sup></small> The velar consonants are truly velar when adjacent to front vowels and postvelar otherwise. | ||
<small><sup>2</sup></small> The guttural consonants ''q, x'', and ''h'' can be pronounced uvular or glottal depending on environment. The allophones are summarized in the table below. When two pronunciations are given, both are allowed but the first is more common. | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center" | {|class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:center; text-align:center" | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
<small><sup> | <small><sup>3</sup></small> Alveolar [ɫ] before consonants, dental [ɫ̪] otherwise. Dental allophone may be pronounced [ð(ˠ)] or [ʁ] depending on dialect. | ||
<small><sup>4</sup></small> May be palatalized when adjacent to front vowels. | |||
<small><sup>5</sup></small> May be pronounced [ʝ] syllable-initially. Otherwise, pronounced [j]. | |||
<small><sup>6</sup></small> Pronounced non-distinctively as [r ~ ɾ] after stops. Otherwise, ''ṙ'' /r/ and ''r'' /ɾ/ are distinct. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||