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| '''L-Norwegian''' is a Finnic language spoken in [[User:IlL/Lõis]]'s Norway. | | '''L-Norwegian''' is a minority North Germanic language spoken in [[User:IlL/Lõis]]'s Norway. It's much more conservative than our Norwegian or Lõis's [[Standard Scandinavian]]. |
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| <!--
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| This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
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| I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
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| II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
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| III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
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| ==Introduction==
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| <!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
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| <!-- Example categories/headings:
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| Goals
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| Setting
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| Inspiration
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| <!-- ***Phonology*** -->
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| <!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
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| <!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
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| Vowel inventory
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| Consonant inventory
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| Syllable structure
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| Stress
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| Intonation
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| -->
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| ==Phonology==
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| All letters are pronounced as in Finnish except '''d''' which is pronounced /ð/, '''ë''' pronounced /ə/, '''ü''' pronounced /y/ and '''ie, uo, üö''' pronounced /iə, uə, yə/.
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| Stress is always on the first syllable.
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| ===Vowel harmony===
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| '''a, o, u''' are back; '''ä, ö, ü, e''' are front; '''ë, i''' are neutral.
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| ===Morphophonology===
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| ==Morphology==
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| ===Nouns===
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| L-Norwegian has 14 cases. Nouns have five stems, the nominative, genitive, partitive, dative and partitive plural.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! !! Singular !! Plural
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| | Nominative || [NOM] || [GEN]-t
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| | Genitive || [GEN]-n || [PARTPL]-tën
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| | Partitive || [PART] || [PARTPL]-ta/tä
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| | Illative || [GEN]-ssën, [DAT]-n || [PARTPL]-ihën
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| | Inessive || [GEN]-ssa/-ssä || [PARTPL]-issa/issä
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| | Elative || [GEN]-sta/-stä || [PARTPL]-ista/istä
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| | Allative || [GEN]-llë || [PARTPL]-illë
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| | Adessive || [GEN]-lla/-llä || [PARTPL]-illa/illä
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| | Ablative || [GEN]-lta/-ltä || [PARTPL]-ilta/iltä
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| | Translative || [GEN]-ksi || [PARTPL]-iksi
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| | Essive || [GEN]-na/-nä || [PARTPL]-ina/-inä
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| | Abessive || [GEN]-hta/-htä || [PARTPL]-ihta/-ihtä
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| | Comitative || [GEN]-në || [PARTPL]-inë
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| | Instructive || [GEN]-n || [PARTPL]-in
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| |}
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| Example:
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| ! käsi 'hand, arm' !! Singular !! Plural
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| | Nominative || käsi || kädët
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| | Genitive || kädën || kästën
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| | Partitive || kättä || kästä
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| | Illative || kädëssën, kätën || käsihën
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| | Inessive || kädëssä || käsissä
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| | Elative || kädëstä || käsistä
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| | Allative || kädëllë || käsillë
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| | Adessive || kädëllä || käsillä
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| | Ablative || kädëltä || käsiltä
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| | Translative || kädëksi || käsiksi
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| | Essive || kädënä || käsinä
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| | Abessive || kädëhtä || käsihtä
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| | Comitative || kädënë || käsinë
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| | Instructive || kädën || käsin
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| |}
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| ===Verbs===
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| Verbs have four stems: the root, present stem, past stem, and the supine stem.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| !rowspan=2|
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| !colspan=2| Present
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| !colspan=2| Past
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| !colspan=2| Present Conditional
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| ! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
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| | 1|| [PRES]-n || [PRES]-hmë || [PAST]-n || [PAST]-më || [PRES]-ksin || [PRES]-ksimë
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| | 2|| [PRES]-t|| [PRES]-htë || [PAST]-t|| [PAST]-të || [PRES]-ksit|| [PRES]-ksitë
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| | 3|| [PRES]-p|| [PRES]-vat/vät || [PAST]|| [PAST]-t || [PRES]-ksi || [PRES]-ksit
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| |}
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| Example:
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| !colspan=7|''laulla'' 'to sing'
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| !rowspan=2|
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| !colspan=2| Present
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| !colspan=2| Past
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| !colspan=2| Present Conditional
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| ! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
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| | 1|| laulan || laulahmë || laulin || laulimë || laulaksin || laulaksimë
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| | 2|| laulat|| laulahtë || laulit|| laulitë || laulaksit|| laulaksitë
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| | 3|| laulap|| laulavat || lauli|| laulit || laulaksi || laulaksit
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| |}
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| ====Non-finite forms====
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| * Present active participle: [PRES]-va/-vä
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| * Past active participle: [ROOT]-nut/-nüt
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| * Past passive participle: [ROOT]-tu/-tü
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| * Supine: [SUP]-ma/mä
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| * Action noun: [SUP]-minën (gen. stem -misë-, part. -mista/-mistä, part. plur. stem -mis-)
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| ==Syntax==
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| ===Constituent order===
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| ===Noun phrase===
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| ===Verb phrase===
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| ===Sentence phrase===
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| ===Dependent clauses===
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| <!-- etc. etc. -->
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| ==Numbers==
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| üksi, kaksi, kolmë, neljä, viisi, kuusi, säitsën, kahtëksa, ühtëksa, kümmën, üksitëis, kaksitëis, ..., kaksikümmëntä, ..., sata, ..., tuhat
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| ==Example texts==
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| ==Other resources==
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| <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
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| <!-- Template area -->
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| [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] |
| [[Category:Languages]] | | [[Category:Languages]] |
| [[Category:Lõis]] | | [[Category:Lõis]] |