|
|
| Line 40: |
Line 40: |
| ==Phonology== | | ==Phonology== |
|
| |
|
| Samanasphuore has 5 vowels: ''a e i o u'', each of which have 4 different forms: short, long, breathy and long breathy. The actual phonetic values of the vowels are as follows:
| | a e i o u ŭ: /a e i o u ɨ/ |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | aa ee ii oo uu ŭŭ + diphthongs |
| |-
| |
| ! Vowel !! a !! e !! i !! o !! u
| |
| |-
| |
| | Short || ''a'' /a/ || ''e'' /ɛ/ || ''i'' /e/ || ''o'' /ɔ/ || ''u'' /o/
| |
| |-
| |
| | Long || ''ä'' /ɛ/ || ''ë'' /ɛ/ || ''ï'' /ai/ || ''ö'' /ɔ/ || ''ü'' /au/
| |
| |-
| |
| | Breathy || ''ha'' /ə/ || ''he'' /e/ || ''hi'' /i/ || ''ho'' /o/ || ''hu'' /u/
| |
| |-
| |
| | Long breathy || ''hä'' /uo/ || ''hë'' /əɨ/ || ''hï'' /ei/ || ''hö'' /əɨ/ || ''hu'' /ou/
| |
| |-
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| Samanasphuore has the following consonants:
| | p t z ĉ c k b d ĝ g: /p t ts c k ʔ b d ɟ g/ |
|
| |
|
| * The velars ''k'', ''g'' and ''ṅ'', which are pronounced /k⁼/, /kʰ~gʰ/ and /ŋ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʰk/, /ʔkʰ/ and /kŋ/ respectively.
| | f ŝ s ĥ h m n l r v j ĵ: /f θ s ç x~h m n l r w j ð/ |
| | |
| * The palatals ''c'', ''j'' and ''ñ'', which are pronounced /c⁼/, /cʰ~ɟʰ/ and /ɲ/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʰc/, /ʔcʰ/ and /cɲ/ respectively.
| |
| | |
| * The cerebrals ''ṭ'', ''ḍ'' and ''ṇ'', which are pronounced /t⁼/, /tʰ~dʰ/ and /n/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʰt/, /ʔtʰ/ and /tn/ respectively. Unlike in other Indic languages, the cerebrals can be alveolar or dental.
| |
| | |
| * The dentals ''z'', ''d'' and ''n'', which are pronounced /ts⁼/, /tsʰ~dzʰ/ and /n/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʰts/, /ʔtsʰ/ and /tn/ respectively.
| |
| | |
| * The labials ''p'', ''b'' and ''m'', which are pronounced /p⁼/, /pʰ~bʰ/ and /m/. When geminated they are pronounced /ʰp/, /ʔpʰ/ and /pm/ respectively.
| |
| | |
| * The liquids ''y'', ''r'', ''l'', and ''w'', pronounced /j/, /r/, /l/ and /w/. When geminated they are pronounced /ç/, /tr/, /tl/ and /kw/ respectively.
| |
| | |
| * The fricative ''ß'', pronounced /s/.
| |
| | |
| * An orthographic variant ''s'' of the liquid ''r'', also pronounced /r/.
| |
| | |
| The anusvāra ''ṁ'' and visarga ''ch'' are used in Samanasphuore. The anusvāra is always pronounced /ŋ/, and the visarga indicates that the final vowel of a word is pronounced (not silent).
| |
|
| |
|
|
| |
|