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Kämpya: Difference between revisions
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Kämpya is spoken is my far-future Antarctican conworld, where runaway global warming has melted the icecaps and made the continent habitable (while rendering most of the rest of the world uninhabitable). | Kämpya is spoken is my far-future Antarctican conworld, where runaway global warming has melted the icecaps and made the continent habitable (while rendering most of the rest of the world uninhabitable). | ||
It originated from the area around Ross Island, one of the first large-scale colonies on Antarctica. The founders of the settlement were | It originated from the area around Ross Island, one of the first large-scale colonies on Antarctica. The founders of the settlement were mostly either Burmese, Australian or Taiwanese, and as such Kämpya is most heavily influenced by the languages of those countries (especially Burmese). However, a later wave of Spanish speaking migrants from South America also had a large impact on the language. | ||
It has since spread to other parts of the continent, aided by the spread of a religion called Laikyâr (although far from all Kämpya speakers follow the Laikyâr religion). Indeed there is a special register of the language that is only used in religious contexts. There are also a number of regional dialects. However, this page describes what could be termed the "standard" dialect. | It has since spread to other parts of the continent, aided by the spread of a religion called Laikyâr (although far from all Kämpya speakers follow the Laikyâr religion). Indeed there is a special register of the language that is only used in religious contexts. There are also a number of regional dialects. However, this page describes what could be termed the "standard" dialect. | ||
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In writing and formal speech, syllables can also begin with /pʰl/, /pl/, /bl/, /kʰl/, /kl/ and /gl/ (i.e. any non-alveolar stop + /l/). But outside formal speech, the /l/ is usually replaced with /j/. | In writing and formal speech, syllables can also begin with /pʰl/, /pl/, /bl/, /kʰl/, /kl/ and /gl/ (i.e. any non-alveolar stop + /l/). But outside formal speech, the /l/ is usually replaced with /j/. | ||
Clusters of /hl/, /hj/ and /hw/ are permitted, but these are pronounced [ɬ], [ç] and [ʍ] respectively. | |||
In unstressed syllables, the coda consonant can only be a stop or a nasal. | In unstressed syllables, the coda consonant can only be a stop or a nasal. | ||
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| Before a consonant (Inalienable) || mái || áu || jó || dé || ðí | | Before a consonant (Inalienable) || mái || áu || jó || dé || ðí | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Before a vowel (Inalienable) || máj- || áw- || | | Before a vowel (Inalienable) || máj- || áw- || jólw- || délw- || ðj- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Alienable || môṵ || ˈḛ̂wà || jô̰ || dḛ̂- || ðjíʔ | | Alienable || môṵ || ˈḛ̂wà || jô̰ || dḛ̂- || ðjíʔ | ||
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The enemy departs from Hkónat. | The enemy departs from Hkónat. | ||
====With Adverbs==== | |||
Unlike adverbs of place and other postpositional phrases which precede the verb, adverbs of manner and time follow it (and are placed in Tone Class 3) e.g. | |||
/kúʔn ˈlwéʔpìd tjǎ̤ŋ ˈḛ̂nèmì/ | |||
depart fast yesterday enemy | |||
The enemy departed quickly yesterday. | |||
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The lizard bit the dog. | The lizard bit the dog. | ||
===Ditransitive Sentences=== | |||
For verbs such as "give", "sell", "send" etc. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditransitive], the normal situation is to have the donor marked in the ergative case in the usual position (i.e before the verb and any postpositional phrases), the theme (whatever is being given / sold etc. to someone) directly after it, and marked with the secundative postposition /-te/, and the recipient in the absolutive case either after the verb or topicalised at the beginning of the sentence e.g. | |||
/ˈsíʔtà=zù áˈjòṳ=té gḭ̂b kʰwèi̤/ | |||
guardian=ERG bone=SEC give dog | |||
It was the guardian that gave the bone to the dog. | |||
or | |||
/kʰwèi̤ ˈsíʔtà=zù áˈjòṳ=té gḭ̂b/ | |||
dog guardian=ERG bone=SEC give | |||
The dog was given a bone by the guardian. | |||