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Atlantic: Difference between revisions
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| '''u''' {{IPA|w}} || || || '''i, ly''' {{IPA|j}} || | | '''u''' {{IPA|w}} || || || '''i, ly''' {{IPA|j}} || | ||
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The phonemes {{IPA|/ɕ ʎ/}} are only found in some dialects; Standard Atlantic merges them with {{IPA|/ç j/}} respectively. In the dialects where {{IPA|/ɕ/}} is a distinct phoneme, {{IPA|[ç x]}} are in complementary distribution, with the former occurring before front vowels and the latter elsewhere. | The phonemes {{IPA|/ɕ ʎ/}} are only found in some dialects; Standard Atlantic merges them with {{IPA|/ç j/}} respectively (cf. ''oichaly'' "bird" {{IPA|/ˈwaˈtɕaj ~ waˈtɕaʎ]}} or ''seix'' "six" {{IPA|/ˈsɛç ~ ˈsɛɕ/}}). In the dialects where {{IPA|/ɕ/}} is a distinct phoneme, {{IPA|[ç x]}} are in complementary distribution, with the former occurring before front vowels and the latter elsewhere. | ||
{{IPA|/l/}} is realized as a voiceless lateral fricative {{IPA|[ɬ]}} word-finally and before voiceless consonants, and as its voiced equivalent {{IPA|[ɮ]}} before voiced consonants. | {{IPA|/l/}} is realized as a voiceless lateral fricative {{IPA|[ɬ]}} word-finally and before voiceless consonants, and as its voiced equivalent {{IPA|[ɮ]}} before voiced consonants. | ||
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In standard Atlantic, voiced stops are allophonically geminated after a stressed vowel, e.g. in ''pubric'' "public" {{IPA|/ˈpubrik/ [ˈpubːrik]}}, ''abidihu'' "I decline" {{IPA|/ˈabidiχu/ [ˈabːidiχu]}}, or ''Vurubiri'' "Volubilis" {{IPA|/vuˈrubiri/ [vuˈrubːiri]}}. | In standard Atlantic, voiced stops are allophonically geminated after a stressed vowel, e.g. in ''pubric'' "public" {{IPA|/ˈpubrik/ [ˈpubːrik]}}, ''abidihu'' "I decline" {{IPA|/ˈabidiχu/ [ˈabːidiχu]}}, or ''Vurubiri'' "Volubilis" {{IPA|/vuˈrubiri/ [vuˈrubːiri]}}. | ||
{{IPA|/ŋ/}} is a marginal phoneme, limited to the {{IPA|/ŋn/}} sequence, written as '''mm''' as in ''amma'' {{IPA|/ˈaŋna/}} "person", ''ommisantor'' {{IPA|/oŋnizanˈtɔr/}} "November", or ''limmi'' {{IPA|/ˈliŋni/}} "brown"; due to spelling pronunciation, nativized loanwords with written ''mm'' are typically pronounced with this sequence, such as the name ''Emma'' {{IPA|/ˈɛŋna/}}.<br/>The sequence {{IPA|/ŋɡ/}} is, in Numidia, often realized as {{IPA|[ŋn]}}, which leads to it being written as '''mm''' by less educated speakers. Examples include ''sungu'' {{IPA|[ˈsuŋɡu ~ ˈsuŋnu]}} "I am" or ''Hungariha'' {{IPA|[χuŋˈɡariχa ~ χuŋˈnariχa]}} "Hungary". | {{IPA|/ŋ/}} is a marginal phoneme, limited to the {{IPA|/ŋn/}} sequence, written as '''mm'''<ref>Excluding, as often happens, proper names like ''Bonnunx'' (archaic term for "Gospel") {{IPA|/bɔŋˈnunuç/}}).</ref> as in ''amma'' {{IPA|/ˈaŋna/}} "person", ''ommisantor'' {{IPA|/oŋnizanˈtɔr/}} "November", or ''limmi'' {{IPA|/ˈliŋni/}} "brown"; due to spelling pronunciation, nativized loanwords with written ''mm'' are typically pronounced with this sequence, such as the name ''Emma'' {{IPA|/ˈɛŋna/}}.<br/>The sequence {{IPA|/ŋɡ/}} is, in Numidia, often realized as {{IPA|[ŋn]}}, which leads to it being written as '''mm''' by less educated speakers. Examples include ''sungu'' {{IPA|[ˈsuŋɡu ~ ˈsuŋnu]}} "I am" or ''Hungariha'' {{IPA|[χuŋˈɡariχa ~ χuŋˈnariχa]}} "Hungary". | ||
Word-initial consonants are, for many speakers, allophonically geminated due to assimilation of a preceding consonant from a clitic. This most notably happens with ''aḍ'': | Word-initial consonants are, for many speakers, allophonically geminated due to assimilation of a preceding consonant from a clitic. This most notably happens with ''aḍ'': | ||