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Yrkyr: Difference between revisions
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An example, where all the prefixes slots are full: ''lisilhajŋuŋkorinoŋ'' (lis-im-lha-ajŋ-un-kor-in-oŋ) "It seems they might not have talked to each other yet". Such words are occasionaly used in common speech to convey as much information as the speaker would like to, despite looking complex and cumbersome. However, usually shorter verbs are preferred. | |||
====Stem==== | ====Stem==== | ||
Yrkyr has different [[w:Grammatical aspect|aspectual]] and [[w:Grammatical mood|modal]] distinctions indicated by an aspect prefix or, sometimes, a combination of several aspect prefixes fused together. Yrkyr lacks a grammatical [[w:Grammatical tense|tense]]. There are primary and secondary aspects, with the secondary aspects being used only in combination with a primary ones. | Yrkyr has different [[w:Grammatical aspect|aspectual]] and [[w:Grammatical mood|modal]] distinctions indicated by an aspect prefix or, sometimes, a combination of several aspect prefixes fused together. Yrkyr lacks a grammatical [[w:Grammatical tense|tense]]. There are primary and secondary aspects, with the secondary aspects being used only in combination with a primary ones. | ||
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*Secondary aspects only specify the duration of an action or whether it was (or will be) stopped (terminative) or is/will be ongoing (continuous) and are rarely used in everyday speech, except when necessary. Momentaneous aspect is used to indicate the action happened in an instant. Quotative marks quoted speech and typically the evidential prefix ''ošk-'' is used instead, if the speaker believes the source. Necessitative indicates the action that should be done, usually used together with optative as the prefix ''kur-''. | *Secondary aspects only specify the duration of an action or whether it was (or will be) stopped (terminative) or is/will be ongoing (continuous) and are rarely used in everyday speech, except when necessary. Momentaneous aspect is used to indicate the action happened in an instant. Quotative marks quoted speech and typically the evidential prefix ''ošk-'' is used instead, if the speaker believes the source. Necessitative indicates the action that should be done, usually used together with optative as the prefix ''kur-''. | ||
*Some verb roots have an irregular conjugation pattern, when a vowel or a whole syllable may appear. This is called a thematic suffix. The usual suffix is -e- which appears in a few old verbs with roots ending in -u or -i. Sometimes the consonant /h/ may appear if a root contains a long vowel: ''walhuh'' "to put away" - ''lytlyheŋ'' "I put it away". | *Some verb roots have an irregular conjugation pattern, when a vowel or a whole syllable may appear. This is called a thematic suffix. The usual suffix is -e- which appears in a few old verbs with roots ending in -u or -i. Sometimes the consonant /h/ may appear if a root contains a long vowel: ''walhuh'' "to put away" - ''lytlyheŋ'' "I put it away". | ||
====Suffixes==== | ====Suffixes==== | ||
*In Yrkyr noun declensions usually give enough information about which noun is the subject and which is the object. But this was not the case in Proto-Yrharian, which marked this distinction on the verb only. Modern Yrkyr inherited this system and innovated the other one so now it is marked twice. Animacy plays an important part in Yrkyr morphology. Generally, the most animate noun in a sentence should be the agent while the noun with lesser animacy is a patient. If both nouns are of an equal animacy then the roles are inferred from noun cases only. In all other cases an inverse marker '''-sw'''/'''-ru''' is used to indicate that the action is performed by someone of lower animacy. For example: both ''Eŋahn čilh lyteje'' and ''Čilh Eŋahn lyteje''means "Enga listens to the jay", and in order to say "The jay listens to Enga" an inverse marker is used, since the jay is a bird and thus has lower animacy and can not be in the ergative case: ''Eŋahn čilh lytiswi''. This can also be translated as "Enga is being listened to by the jay". | *In Yrkyr noun declensions usually give enough information about which noun is the subject and which is the object. But this was not the case in Proto-Yrharian, which marked this distinction on the verb only. Modern Yrkyr inherited this system and innovated the other one so now it is marked twice. Animacy plays an important part in Yrkyr morphology. Generally, the most animate noun in a sentence should be the agent while the noun with lesser animacy is a patient. If both nouns are of an equal animacy then the roles are inferred from noun cases only. In all other cases an inverse marker '''-sw'''/'''-ru''' is used to indicate that the action is performed by someone of lower animacy. For example: both ''Eŋahn čilh lyteje'' and ''Čilh Eŋahn lyteje''means "Enga listens to the jay", and in order to say "The jay listens to Enga" an inverse marker is used, since the jay is a bird and thus has lower animacy and can not be in the ergative case: ''Eŋahn čilh lytiswi''. This can also be translated as "Enga is being listened to by the jay". | ||