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Atlantic: Difference between revisions
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→Second conjugation
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# The first pattern continues the second conjugation, and has ''-e-'' as the thematic vowel in the participles and ''-i-'' in the 1SG and 3PL present indicative inflections; | # The first pattern continues the second conjugation, and has ''-e-'' as the thematic vowel in the participles and ''-i-'' in the 1SG and 3PL present indicative inflections; | ||
# The second pattern continues the third conjugation, and also has ''-e-'' as thematic vowel for the participles, but ''-u-'' in the 1SG and 3PL present indicative inflections; | # The second pattern continues the third conjugation, and also has ''-e-'' as thematic vowel for the participles, but ''-u-'' in the 1SG and 3PL present indicative inflections; | ||
# The third pattern, continuing the fourth conjugation, always has ''-i-'' as thematic vowel in both participles and 1SG/3PL present indicative. | # The third pattern, continuing the fourth conjugation, always has ''-i-'' as thematic vowel in both participles and 1SG/3PL present indicative. Except for the present participle and the gerundive, it is identical to the first pattern. | ||
Few second conjugation verbs are completely regular, and some of them have a fifth principal part, namely the subjunctive present, whose stem has often being modified by diachronically regular palatalization of the last consonant in many verbs (as in ''sponxa'' (← <small>SPONDEAM</small>) for the verb ''spondiri'') or sporadic metaphony in a few others (as in ''cemba'' (← <small>CAMBIAM</small>) for the verb ''chambiri''). Most second conjugation verbs, furthermore, have a different stem in the perfect, usually inherited from Latin (cf. for the two verbs above ''spondi'' "I declare", ''spofondi'' "I declared" (← <small>SPONDEŌ</small>, <small>SPOPONDĪ</small>) and ''chambi'' "I change", ''chansi'' "I changed" (← <small>CAMBIŌ</small>, <small>CAMPSĪ</small>)). There are therefore two different possible exits for the 1SG and 3SG in the perfect, usually depending on how it was conjugated in Latin: | Few second conjugation verbs are completely regular, and some of them have a fifth principal part, namely the subjunctive present, whose stem has often being modified by diachronically regular palatalization of the last consonant in many verbs (as in ''sponxa'' (← <small>SPONDEAM</small>) for the verb ''spondiri'') or sporadic metaphony in a few others (as in ''cemba'' (← <small>CAMBIAM</small>) for the verb ''chambiri''). Most second conjugation verbs, furthermore, have a different stem in the perfect, usually inherited from Latin (cf. for the two verbs above ''spondi'' "I declare", ''spofondi'' "I declared" (← <small>SPONDEŌ</small>, <small>SPOPONDĪ</small>) and ''chambi'' "I change", ''chansi'' "I changed" (← <small>CAMBIŌ</small>, <small>CAMPSĪ</small>)). There are therefore two different possible exits for the 1SG and 3SG in the perfect, usually depending on how it was conjugated in Latin: | ||