1,088
edits
No edit summary |
|||
Line 4: | Line 4: | ||
|imagecaption = [[Verse:Ash/Onnawasta|Onnawasta]] emblem of [[Verse:Ash/Appa|Appa]] | |imagecaption = [[Verse:Ash/Onnawasta|Onnawasta]] emblem of [[Verse:Ash/Appa|Appa]] | ||
|name = Ash | |name = Ash | ||
|nativename = '' | |nativename = ''ʼạhgaa'' | ||
|pronunciation = [ˈʔɑħˌqɑː] | |pronunciation = [ˈʔɑħˌqɑː] | ||
|creator = [[User:Prinsessa|Ava Skoog]] | |creator = [[User:Prinsessa|Ava Skoog]] | ||
Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
'''Ash''' ('' | '''Ash''' (''ʼạhgaa'', lit. "seaspeak", IPA [ˈʔɑħˌqɑː]) is the anglicised name of a language mostly spoken around coastal areas, notably the town of [[Verse:Ash/Appa|Appa]] (''ʼahba''). Its speakers are familiar with technological advancements such as nautical vessels and steam locomotives. | ||
The language is synthetic, largely based around agglutination with fusional elements. There is a great focus on verbs, nominals being mostly uninflected, and significant pro-drop tendencies and a general focus around deixis rather than pronominal distinctions. The word order is heavily SOV. | The language is synthetic, largely based around agglutination with fusional elements. There is a great focus on verbs, nominals being mostly uninflected, and significant pro-drop tendencies and a general focus around deixis rather than pronominal distinctions. The word order is heavily SOV. | ||
Line 81: | Line 81: | ||
| {{IPA|//ˈwat.ʔa.wo//}} | | {{IPA|//ˈwat.ʔa.wo//}} | ||
| → {{IPA|/ˈwaʔ.ta.wo/}} | | → {{IPA|/ˈwaʔ.ta.wo/}} | ||
| → {{IPA|[ | | → {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ.wʊ]}} | ||
| → ''oahdawo'' "during the day" | | → ''oahdawo'' "during the day" | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 188: | Line 188: | ||
The lateral affricate {{IPA|/t͡ɬ/}} patterns phonotactically just like the sibilant affricate {{IPA|/t͡s/}} but is in many deäffricated contexts no longer produced as a fricative, but as an approximant. In contexts where the affrication remains, regardless of voicing, so does the frication, i.e. {{IPA|[t͡ɬ~d͡ɮ]}}. In leniting contexts the realisation depends on the environment, remaining a fricative {{IPA|[ɬ]}} in a voiceless environment while defaulting to a pure lateral approximant {{IPA|[l]}} in a voiced one, but when geminated by the absorption of a following glide it assimilates to it as either {{IPA|[ʎ]}} or {{IPA|[ɫ]}}. | The lateral affricate {{IPA|/t͡ɬ/}} patterns phonotactically just like the sibilant affricate {{IPA|/t͡s/}} but is in many deäffricated contexts no longer produced as a fricative, but as an approximant. In contexts where the affrication remains, regardless of voicing, so does the frication, i.e. {{IPA|[t͡ɬ~d͡ɮ]}}. In leniting contexts the realisation depends on the environment, remaining a fricative {{IPA|[ɬ]}} in a voiceless environment while defaulting to a pure lateral approximant {{IPA|[l]}} in a voiced one, but when geminated by the absorption of a following glide it assimilates to it as either {{IPA|[ʎ]}} or {{IPA|[ɫ]}}. | ||
===Syllabification | ===Syllabification=== | ||
In unstressed prefixes, colourless or epenthetic vowels may drop out in favour of syllabification of an adjacent fricative or nasal | In unstressed prefixes, colourless or epenthetic vowels may drop out in favour of syllabification of an adjacent fricative or nasal. This is represented in the romanisation by a dot placed under the non-vocalic consonant letter (vowels are simply represented as such), except word-initially where it is simply preceded by ''a-'' without a glottal stop apostrophe. | ||
An example of the former is the inalienable possession prefix ''(a)n-'' becoming ''an-''. Some word stems have inherent consonantal prefixes that get resolved the same way: ''n-doo-'' "(fire) smoke" becomes ''andoo-'' in the absence of a prefix, and ''ʼadṇdoo-'' when the transitive-volitional ''ʼah-'' is added. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Line 233: | Line 235: | ||
! Indicative | ! Indicative | ||
| '''''oada''''' | | '''''oada''''' | ||
{{IPA|[ | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯ɑː.ðɐ]}} | ||
| ''oahda'' | | ''oahda'' | ||
{{IPA|[ | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ]}} | ||
| ''oadna'' | | ''oadna'' | ||
{{IPA|[ | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ]}} | ||
| ''oasda'' | | ''oasda'' | ||
{{IPA|[ | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯ɑs̠.t̠ɐ]}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Optative | ! Optative | ||
| ''oase'' | | ''oase'' | ||
{{IPA|[ | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯ɑː.ʑɪ]}} | ||
| ''oadse'' | | ''oadse'' | ||
{{IPA|[ | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯ɑʔ.ȶ͡ɕɪ]}} | ||
| ''oadne'' | | ''oadne'' | ||
{{IPA|[ | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯ɑʔ.ᶡɲɪ]}} | ||
| ''oasdse'' | | ''oasdse'' | ||
{{IPA|[ | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯ɑɕ.ȶ͡ɕɪ]}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 281: | Line 283: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Sometimes stems appear connected through no longer productive processes, such as '' | Sometimes stems appear connected through no longer productive processes, such as ''ammohwa'' "cook", related also to ''oo''. | ||
===Nominals=== | ===Nominals=== | ||
Line 292: | Line 294: | ||
! Distal | ! Distal | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '' | | ''ammõõ'' | ||
| ''emmõõ'' | | ''emmõõ'' | ||
| ''ommõõ'' | | ''ommõõ'' | ||
Line 328: | Line 330: | ||
| ''-ya'' | | ''-ya'' | ||
| (''-i'') | | (''-i'') | ||
| '' | | ''ʼayya'' "sea-like; blue; green" | ||
|} | |} | ||
The shorter forms given in parentheses are the historically regular outcomes of these suffixes after unstressed vowels; the longer forms have since taken over productively in normal verbs by analogy with the instances where those were always regular, but the shorter forms remain productive in the reduced forms of locative verbs (e.g. '' | The shorter forms given in parentheses are the historically regular outcomes of these suffixes after unstressed vowels; the longer forms have since taken over productively in normal verbs by analogy with the instances where those were always regular, but the shorter forms remain productive in the reduced forms of locative verbs (e.g. ''ʼahba las'' "in Appa"), and are still found in some common fossilised words, such as ''eyyas'' "here" and ''eyyah'' "now". There are also instances of splits, such as the productive ''oadnada'' "where the sun rises" versus the fossilised ''oadnas'', referring specifically to the corresponding cardinal direction. | ||
===Deixis=== | ===Deixis=== | ||
Line 350: | Line 352: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Deixis occurs in the form of isolated nominals '' | Deixis occurs in the form of isolated nominals ''eyya'' and ''owwa'', generally shortened and tending to blend into the next word, often as {{IPA|[-e̞(ː)ɪ̯]~[-e̞j-]}} and {{IPA|[-o̞(ː)ʊ̯]~[-o̞w-]}}, but also with the glide assimilating, leading to forms such as {{IPA|[-ɪw-]}} and {{IPA|[-ʊj-]}}. | ||
===Conjunct and disjunct verbs=== | ===Conjunct and disjunct verbs=== | ||
Line 377: | Line 377: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Conjunct | ! Conjunct | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) oada<u>s</u>''<br />"I am pale" | ||
| - | | - | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) oada<u>s</u> no?''<br />"are you pale?" | ||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Disjunct | ! Disjunct | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) oada''<br />"you are pale" | ||
| ''( | | ''(owwa go) oada''<br />"they are pale" | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) oada no?''<br />"am I pale?" | ||
| ''( | | ''(owwa go) oada no?''<br />"are they pale?" | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 406: | Line 406: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Conjunct | ! Conjunct | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) ahhee<u>s</u>''<br />"I look at you" | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) assee<u>s</u>''<br />"you look at me" | ||
| ''( | | ''(owwa go) ahhee<u>s</u>''<br />"I look at them" | ||
| ''( | | ''(owwa go) assee<u>s</u>''<br />"they look at me" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Disjunct | ! Disjunct | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) ahhee''<br />"you look at them" | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) assee''<br />"they look at you" | ||
| ''( | | ''(owwa go) ahhee''<br />"they<sub>1</sub> look at them<sub>2</sub>" | ||
| ''( | | ''(owwa go) assee''<br />"they<sub>2</sub> look at them<sub>1</sub>" | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 434: | Line 434: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Conjunct target | ! Conjunct target | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) oada<u>s</u> (eyya go) ogaa<u>s</u>''<br />"I said I am pale" | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) oada<u>s</u> (eyya go) ogaa''<br />"you said you are pale" | ||
| ''( | | ''(owwa go) oada<u>s</u> (owwa go) ogaa''<br />"they<sub>1</sub> said they<sub>1</sub> are pale" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Disjunct target | ! Disjunct target | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) oada (ʼeyya go) ogaa<u>s</u>''<br />"I said you are pale" | ||
| ''( | | ''(eyya go) oada (ʼeyya go) ogaa''<br />"you said I am pale" | ||
| ''( | | ''(owwa go) oada (ʼowwa go) ogaa''<br />"they<sub>1</sub> said they<sub>2</sub> are pale" | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 451: | Line 451: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=emmõõ bo | |phrase=emmõõ bo ʼao ʼehbadsas | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbo̞ ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ʔe̞ħˈpɑʔ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head TOP:CRESC ao PROX-TV-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head TOP:CRESC ao PROX-TV-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=Ao is braiding my hair | |translation=Ao is braiding my hair | ||
Line 472: | Line 472: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼao go bahba ʼe<u>hh</u>ee | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ ʔe̞çˈçi̯eː] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>TV</u>-see.ACT.IND | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>TV</u>-see.ACT.IND | ||
|translation=Ao is looking at the dog | |translation=Ao is looking at the dog | ||
Line 479: | Line 479: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼao go bahba ʼe<u>ss</u>ee | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ ʔɪɕˈɕi̯eː] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>INV</u>-see.ACT.IND | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>INV</u>-see.ACT.IND | ||
|translation=Ao is being watched by the dog | |translation=Ao is being watched by the dog | ||
Line 492: | Line 492: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼehhees | ||
|IPA=[ʔe̞çˈçi̯eːɕ] | |IPA=[ʔe̞çˈçi̯eːɕ] | ||
|gloss=PROX-TV-see.ACT.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-TV-see.ACT.IND-CONJ | ||
Line 499: | Line 499: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼessees | ||
|IPA=[ʔɪɕˈɕi̯eːɕ] | |IPA=[ʔɪɕˈɕi̯eːɕ] | ||
|gloss=PROX-INV-see.ACT.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-INV-see.ACT.IND-CONJ | ||
Line 514: | Line 514: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=oadnawo | |phrase=oadnawo ʼaesããs | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɐɪ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ːs̠] | |IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɐɪ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ːs̠] | ||
|gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR REFL.PROX-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND-CONJ | |gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR REFL.PROX-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND-CONJ | ||
Line 521: | Line 521: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=oadnawo | |phrase=oadnawo ʼao go ʼaosãã ma | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣo̞ ʔɐʊ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ː‿mɐ] | |IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐ.wʊ ʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣo̞ ʔɐʊ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ː‿mɐ] | ||
|gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR ao TOP:ACT REFL.DIST-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND NEG | |gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR ao TOP:ACT REFL.DIST-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND NEG | ||
Line 534: | Line 534: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=emmõõ bo | |phrase=emmõõ bo eyya ʼehbadsas | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ ˈje̞ːɪ̯ ʔe̞ħˈpɑʔ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-TV-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-TV-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=you are braiding my hair | |translation=you are braiding my hair | ||
Line 541: | Line 541: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=emmõõ bo | |phrase=emmõõ bo eyya ʼeebadsas | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ ˈje̞ːɪ̯ ʔe̞ɪ̯ˈβɑʔ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-REFL.PROX-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-REFL.PROX-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=I am braiding my hair | |translation=I am braiding my hair | ||
Line 554: | Line 554: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼao go bahba od<u>sãmm</u>oyya | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ wo̞ʔˈt̠͡s̠ɑ̃mˌmʊj.jɐ] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog DIST-TV-<u>water</u>-consume.CAUS.IND | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog DIST-TV-<u>water</u>-consume.CAUS.IND | ||
|translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink | |translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink | ||
Line 565: | Line 565: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼao go bahba mee<u>da</u> odsãmmoyya | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ ˈmi̯eː.ðɐ wo̞ʔˈt̠͡s̠ɑ̃mˌmʊj.jɐ] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog fire-<u>CVB:LOC</u> DIST-TV-water-consume.CAUS.IND | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog fire-<u>CVB:LOC</u> DIST-TV-water-consume.CAUS.IND | ||
|translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink by the fire | |translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink by the fire | ||
Line 581: | Line 581: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Animate | ! Animate | ||
| ''bahba go | | ''bahba go ʼahhee''<br />"dogs see it" | ||
| ''bahba go | | ''bahba go ʼassee''<br />"dogs are seen" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Inanimate | ! Inanimate | ||
| ''sãã sa | | ''sãã sa ʼahhee''<br />"water is seen" | ||
| ''*sãã sa | | ''*sãã sa ʼassee''<br />(ungrammatical) | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 599: | Line 599: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Animate | ! Animate | ||
| '' | | ''ʼao go <u>bahba</u> ʼohhee''<br />"Ao was looking at the dog" | ||
| ''<u>bahba go</u> ao | | ''<u>bahba go</u> ao ʼossee''<br />"it was the dog Ao was looking at" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Inanimate | ! Inanimate | ||
| '' | | ''ʼao go <u>sãã</u> ʼohhoo''<br />"Ao was drinking water" | ||
| ''<u>sãã sa</u> | | ''<u>sãã sa</u> ʼao ʼohhoo''<br />"it was water Ao was drinking" | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 612: | Line 612: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=[ow’ oahdawo bahba go | |phrase=[ow’ oahdawo bahba go ʼossoena]<sub>1</sub> [ey’ oahdawo ʼesseenas]<sub>2</sub> | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔo̞w‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ.wʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ | |IPA=[ˈʔo̞w‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ.wʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ ʔʊs̠ˈs̠ʊːɪ̯.n̠ɐ ˈʔɪw‿ˈwɔ̯ɑħ.t̠ɐ.wo̞ ʔɪɕˈɕi̯eː.n̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=[DIST shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR dog DIST-INV-consume.CAUS.INCH.IND]<sub>1</sub> [PROX shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ]<sub>2</sub> | |gloss=[DIST shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR dog DIST-INV-consume.CAUS.INCH.IND]<sub>1</sub> [PROX shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ]<sub>2</sub> | ||
|translation=[today I saw]<sub>2</sub> [the dog that (you) fed yesterday]<sub>1</sub> | |translation=[today I saw]<sub>2</sub> [the dog that (you) fed yesterday]<sub>1</sub> | ||
Line 621: | Line 621: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=bahba go oada | |phrase=bahba go oada ʼesseenas no | ||
|IPA=[ˈbɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ ˈwɔ̯ɑː.ðɐ | |IPA=[ˈbɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ ˈwɔ̯ɑː.ðɐ ʔɪɕˈɕi̯eː.n̠ɐz̠‿ᵈn̠ʊ] | ||
|gloss=dog TOP:ACT shine.STAT.IND PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ Q | |gloss=dog TOP:ACT shine.STAT.IND PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ Q | ||
|translation=have you seen the white dog? | |translation=have you seen the white dog? | ||
Line 721: | Line 721: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ammõõ bo | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[m̩ˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ] | ||
|gloss=POSS-head TOP:CRESC | |gloss=POSS-head TOP:CRESC | ||
|translation=hair (on the head) | |translation=hair (on the head) | ||
Line 728: | Line 728: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ammõõ la | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[m̩ˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ⁿd͡ɮɐ] | ||
|gloss=POSS-head TOP:STAT | |gloss=POSS-head TOP:STAT | ||
|translation=head (on the body) | |translation=head (on the body) | ||
Line 739: | Line 739: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=emmõõ bo | |phrase=emmõõ bo ʼao ʼehbadsas | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbo̞ ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ʔe̞ħˈpɑʔ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head TOP:CRESC ao PROX-TV-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head TOP:CRESC ao PROX-TV-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=Ao is braiding my hair | |translation=Ao is braiding my hair | ||
Line 750: | Line 750: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼao go bahba go owwas egoo | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ ˈwo̞w.wɐɕ‿ɕɪˈɣu̯oː] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog TOP:ACT DIST-CVB:LOC PROX-CVB:LOC:ACT.STAT/ACT.IND | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT dog TOP:ACT DIST-CVB:LOC PROX-CVB:LOC:ACT.STAT/ACT.IND | ||
|translation=Ao and the dog are over there | |translation=Ao and the dog are over there | ||
Line 761: | Line 761: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼahba las ʼao go enegoo | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐs̠‿ˈs̠ɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ jɪɲɪˈɣu̯oː] | |IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐs̠‿ˈs̠ɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ jɪɲɪˈɣu̯oː] | ||
|gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC ao TOP:ACT PROX-SUB-LOC:ACT.STAT/ACT.IND | |gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC ao TOP:ACT PROX-SUB-LOC:ACT.STAT/ACT.IND | ||
Line 768: | Line 768: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼahba las ʼao go enegoona | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐs̠‿ˈs̠ɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ jɪɲɪˈɣu̯oː.n̠ɐ] | |IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐs̠‿ˈs̠ɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ jɪɲɪˈɣu̯oː.n̠ɐ] | ||
|gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC ao TOP:ACT PROX-SUB-LOC:ACT.INCH.IND | |gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC ao TOP:ACT PROX-SUB-LOC:ACT.INCH.IND | ||
Line 775: | Line 775: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼahba las ʼao go enegohda | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐs̠‿ˈs̠ɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ jɪɲɪˈɣo̞ħ.t̠ɐ] | |IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐs̠‿ˈs̠ɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ jɪɲɪˈɣo̞ħ.t̠ɐ] | ||
|gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC ao TOP:ACT PROX-SUB-LOC:ACT.TERM.IND | |gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC ao TOP:ACT PROX-SUB-LOC:ACT.TERM.IND | ||
Line 788: | Line 788: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼao sas sãã | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿z̠ɐz̠ ˈd̠͡z̠ɑ̃ː] | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿z̠ɐz̠ ˈd̠͡z̠ɑ̃ː] | ||
|gloss=sea TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND | |gloss=sea TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND | ||
Line 795: | Line 795: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼao sas laa | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿z̠ɐz̠ ˈd͡ɮɑː] | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿z̠ɐz̠ ˈd͡ɮɑː] | ||
|gloss=sea TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:STAT.STAT/ACT.IND | |gloss=sea TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:STAT.STAT/ACT.IND | ||
Line 808: | Line 808: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼao gos ammõõ la | ||
|IPA=[ʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ‿z̠m̩.mũ̯õː‿ⁿd͡ɮɐ] | |IPA=[ʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ‿z̠m̩.mũ̯õː‿ⁿd͡ɮɐ] | ||
|gloss=ao TOP:ACT-CVB:LOC INAL-head TOP:STAT | |gloss=ao TOP:ACT-CVB:LOC INAL-head TOP:STAT | ||
Line 824: | Line 824: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=ewoes | |phrase=ewoes | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ɪˈwʊːɪ̯ɕ] | ||
|gloss=PROX-consume.ACT.OPT-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-consume.ACT.OPT-CONJ | ||
|translation=I want/need to eat; I am hungry | |translation=I want/need to eat; I am hungry | ||
Line 831: | Line 831: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=ewoe no | |phrase=ewoe no | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ɪˈwʊːɪ̯‿n̠ʊ] | ||
|gloss=PROX-consume.ACT.OPT Q | |gloss=PROX-consume.ACT.OPT Q | ||
|translation=perhaps I should eat something | |translation=perhaps I should eat something | ||
Line 850: | Line 850: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼahba las ʼao go esdsoes | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐs̠‿ˈs̠ɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ jɪɕˈȶ͡ɕʊːɪ̯ɕ] | |IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐs̠‿ˈs̠ɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ jɪɕˈȶ͡ɕʊːɪ̯ɕ] | ||
|gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC ao TOP:ACT PROX-INV-LOC:DOM.STAT/ACT.OPT-CONJ | |gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC ao TOP:ACT PROX-INV-LOC:DOM.STAT/ACT.OPT-CONJ | ||
Line 859: | Line 859: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase= | |phrase=ʼahba las esoonas | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐɕ‿ɕɪˈz̠u̯oː.n̠ɐs̠] | |IPA=[ˈʔɑħ.pɐ‿lɐɕ‿ɕɪˈz̠u̯oː.n̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC PROX-LOC:DOM.INCH.IND-CONJ | |gloss=appa TOP:STAT-CVB:LOC PROX-LOC:DOM.INCH.IND-CONJ | ||
Line 867: | Line 867: | ||
===Colour terms=== | ===Colour terms=== | ||
Colours are mainly expressed through semblative converbs, likening the appearance of the referent to something else, such as ''mee'' "fire" → ''meyya'' "red; yellow; orange; brown" or ''ao'' "sea" → '' | Colours are mainly expressed through semblative converbs, likening the appearance of the referent to something else, such as ''mee'' "fire" → ''meyya'' "red; yellow; orange; brown" or ''ao'' "sea" → ''ʼayya'' "blue; green". | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
Line 880: | Line 880: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=oada bahba go | |phrase=oada bahba go | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ˈɔ̯ɑː.ðɐ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣʊ] | ||
|gloss=shine.STAT.IND dog TOP:ACT | |gloss=shine.STAT.IND dog TOP:ACT | ||
|translation=a white dog | |translation=a white dog |
edits