Chlouvānem/Verbs: Difference between revisions

Chlouvānem/Verbs (view source)

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 # The fourth stem extension is the causative marker '''-is-''' (non-causatives are not marked)
-Finally, note that some stem extensions may trigger a change in the personal termination (e.g. the third person plural present indicative interior ''-irāhe'', not *-ir-āhai). The ''-is-'' stem extension, when preceding ''-d-'' initial personal termination, in contemporary Chlouvānem predictably disappears, lengthening the preceding vowel (e.g. ''meš-is-de'' → ''mešīde''). In Archaic and Early Classical Chlouvānem, however, there were two options, varying between dialects. One is the same as the current one, which reflects a prior voicing of '''s'''; in the other, it is ''-d-'' which loses its voicing, forming ''-st-'' clusters (or ''-ṣṭ-'' in certain dialects, esp. in the Archaic Chlouvānem of some parts of the Holy Books), i.e. ''meš-is-de'' → ''mešiste'' or ''mešiṣṭe''.
+Finally, note that some stem extensions may trigger a change in the personal termination (e.g. the third person plural present indicative interior ''-irāhe'', not *-ir-āhai). In the ''-is-'' stem extension, when preceding ''-b-'' initial personal terminations, the final ''-s'' predictably disappears, lengthening the preceding vowel (e.g. ''meš-is-ba'' → ''mešība'').
 Note, furthermore, that ''-ir-'' (when not followed by the causative marker) becomes '''-ęr-''' in the present of class 11 ''-ah'' verbs.