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==Todo== | ==Todo== | ||
Talmic vocab needs more b's and Cr-s | Talmic vocab needs more b's and Cr-s | ||
*Goal: Memrise courses | |||
*Goal: | |||
*"Reason, Compassion and Action" | *"Reason, Compassion and Action" | ||
**Symbolized by Borromean rings? | **Symbolized by Borromean rings? | ||
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**metals: -cis | **metals: -cis | ||
*How much are adjectives like verbs? What tense markers can they take? | *How much are adjectives like verbs? What tense markers can they take? | ||
*The "21 accents" of Skellan | *The "21 accents" of Skellan | ||
*(Sometimes misleading) nationality descriptors - like ''french fries'' or ''English horn'' in English | *(Sometimes misleading) nationality descriptors - like ''french fries'' or ''English horn'' in English | ||
*Vowel changes before /χ/ | *Vowel changes before /χ/ | ||
*positive anymore | *positive anymore | ||
*HOW MANDATORY ARE NUMBER MARKERS? - They tend to be used more for human nouns. | *HOW MANDATORY ARE NUMBER MARKERS? - They tend to be used more for human nouns. | ||
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*Merge postvocalic ''ñ'' and postvocalic ''l''? | *Merge postvocalic ''ñ'' and postvocalic ''l''? | ||
**No, but use llt > lt and make ''-l'' more common in Windermere | **No, but use llt > lt and make ''-l'' more common in Windermere | ||
*Folk etymology of mine: aver > average. So use this etymology: guess/try > most probable > average | *Folk etymology of mine: aver > average. So use this etymology: guess/try > most probable > average | ||
*more nouns with -i | *more nouns with -i | ||
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<!-- BLACKLIST: reeb/reep, fyg/fyc, xit/xid, cynd/cynt, harvi, yrma/irma --> | <!-- BLACKLIST: reeb/reep, fyg/fyc, xit/xid, cynd/cynt, harvi, yrma/irma --> | ||
*Some way to say 'the X associated with each' or 'their respective X' | *Some way to say 'the X associated with each' or 'their respective X' | ||
==Diachronics== | ==Diachronics== | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Skellan inflectional morphology tends to be simpler than most other Talmic languages; for example, it has no grammatical gender and no | Skellan inflectional morphology tends to be simpler than most other Talmic languages; for example, it has no grammatical gender, no case, and no number inflection on nouns. | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs have little inflection, and the bulk of verbs are completely regular. | |||
Skellan preserves the [[Tigol]] tense system very well, but most of the forms have been replaced with analytic forms and particles. The following table roughly organizes the tense system of Modern Skellan as well as the regular forms for each in terms of principal parts (PRES = present stem; INF = infinitive; PST = past participle); These are not all of the possible tenses as different constructions can be combined, e.g. ''Tynd fa dy desg naw lly nee rree.'' 'I have been eating for three days.' | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+Skellan tense system | |||
|- | |||
! | | |||
! |Past | |||
! |Present | |||
! |Future | |||
! |Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Imperfective | |||
|past imperfect<br/>''jo PRES'' | |||
|present<br/>''PRES'' | |||
|future I<br/>''PRES-t'' | |||
|imperative I<br/>''PRES-t!'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Perfective | |||
| simple past<br/>''PST'' (regularly ''PRES-in'') | |||
| ''-'' | |||
| future II<br/>''so VN'' | |||
| imperative II<br/>''PRES!'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Progressive | |||
| past progressive<br/>''fað dy INF'' | |||
| present progressive<br/>''dy INF'' | |||
| future progressive<br/>''fahd ___ dy INF'' | |||
| imperative progressive<br/>''fahd dy INF!'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Perfect | |||
| past perfect<br/>''fað tynd VN'' | |||
| present perfect<br/>''tynd VN'' | |||
| future perfect<br/>''so fa tynd VN'' | |||
| imperative perfect<br/>''fa tynd VN!'' | |||
|} | |||
====Imperative==== | ====Imperative==== | ||
The imperative | The imperfective imperative has the same form as the imperfective future. The perfective imperative is simply the bare verb. | ||
The direct object, if there is one, goes behind the faulty accusative ''ym''. | |||
The cohortative is formed by using the particle ''gw'' after the verb. | |||
:'''''Tar | :'''''Tar gw helt na llawm rreem.''''' | ||
:go COH plant DET.PL seed today | :go COH plant DET.PL seed today | ||
:''Let's go plant the seeds today.'' | :''Let's go plant the seeds today.'' | ||
====Present==== | ====Present==== | ||
The present uses the unmarked form of the verb followed by the subject. For example, ''Duvwñ, mol naw | The present uses the unmarked form of the verb followed by the subject. For example, ''Duvwñ, mol naw iar'' means "Teacher, I thank you". | ||
Archaic Skellan (still used in historical fiction) uses the following personal endings in the present tense: | Archaic Skellan (still used in some historical fiction) uses the following personal endings in the present tense: | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;" | ||
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The conditional uses the suffix ''-ð''. It continues the Old Skellan past subjunctive. | The conditional uses the suffix ''-ð''. It continues the Old Skellan past subjunctive. | ||
The conditional | The conditional must be used when using the word ''matósg'' 'almost' in the past tense. | ||
====Imperfect==== | ====Imperfect==== | ||
The imperfect uses the particle ''jo''. | The imperfect uses the particle ''jo''. | ||
====Progressive/Stative==== | ====Progressive/Stative==== | ||
To form the progressive, the particle ''dy'' is used before the verb. | To form the progressive, the particle ''dy'' is used before the verb. | ||
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====Jussive==== | ====Jussive==== | ||
The jussive is high-register and is formed with the suffix ''-or''. It can be used in conditional statements expressing a generally true rule. | Normally the jussive is formed by using the complementizer ''emb'' before the clause: | ||
:'''''Ir le tic jyvad llyn! Emb asgarni ir dia jovi!''''' | |||
:2SG be how_much hate DAT.1SG COMP die_of_thirst 2SG in-SPEC desert | |||
:''I hate you so much! I hope you die of thirst in the desert!'' | |||
The morphological jussive is high-register and is formed with the suffix ''-or''. It can be used in conditional statements expressing a generally true rule. | |||
:'''''cehnor dy car''''' | :'''''cehnor dy car''''' | ||
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!rowspan=3|Possessive | !rowspan=3|Possessive | ||
!|sg. | !|sg. | ||
|'' | |''cy''||''ho''||''ið''||''ih''||''ið''||''oo''||''of''||''os''||''id'' | ||
|rowspan=2|''...ry car'' | |rowspan=2|''...ry car'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|pl. | !|pl. | ||
|'' | |''cyn''||''hon''||''in''||''in''||''in''||''om''||''onf''||''ons''||''ind'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|emphatic | !|emphatic | ||
|''... | |''...rynta''||''...resta''||''...rebta''||''...reeta''||''...ryñta''||''...ribta''||''...regta''||''...reta''||''...rerta''||''-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!rowspan=2|Dative | !rowspan=2|Dative | ||
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! rowspan="4"|To... | ! rowspan="4"|To... | ||
! Noun | ! Noun | ||
| ''-wñ'' (agentive)<br/>''-os'' (instrument)<br/>''- | | ''-wñ'' (agentive)<br/>''-os'' (instrument)<br/>''-ið'' (diminutive)<br/>''-óm'' (augmentative; Tseer)<br/>''-emb'' (female suffix)<br/>''ni-'' (non-)<br/>''ir-'' (un-)<br/>''bah-'' (sub-)<br/>''ñal-'' 'before'<br/>''tynd-'' 'after'<br/>''-arn'' (collective) | ||
| ''-ah'' (verbal noun)<br/>''-ev'' (verbal noun)<br/>''-wñ'' (agentive)<br/>''-os'' (instrument) | | ''-ah'' (verbal noun)<br/>''-ev'' (verbal noun)<br/>''-wñ'' (agentive)<br/>''-os'' (instrument) | ||
| ''-vih'' (abstract noun)<br/>''hal-''(abstract noun)<br/>''-u'' (abstract noun)<br/>''-igi'' (one characterized by X) | | ''-vih'' (abstract noun)<br/>''hal-''(abstract noun)<br/>''-u'' (abstract noun)<br/>''-igi'' (one characterized by X) | ||
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===RWBY opening monologue=== | ===RWBY opening monologue=== | ||
:SALEM: ''Hulafa.'' | :SALEM: ''Hulafa.'' | ||
:/ˈhyʟəfə/ | :/ˈhyʟəfə/ | ||
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:SALEM: Stories scattered through time. | :SALEM: Stories scattered through time. | ||
:SALEM: ''Swal damol a hugas am dy entsybytsẃal na fosgu ry øøl as llypsid, as gønd ab ñwar dy ciar noos, emb dyb orjyn gwad, | :SALEM: ''Swal damol a hugas am dy entsybytsẃal na fosgu ry øøl as llypsid, as gønd ab ñwar dy ciar noos, emb dyb orjyn gwad, odotamés ry ymdáł røsandin.'' | ||
:/suʟ ˈtamɔʟ ə ˈhygəs am tə ɛntsəpəˈtsuʟ nə ˈfɔsky ɾə œʟ əs ˈχəpsit, əs kœnt əp ŋuəɾ tə kiəɾ nɔus, ɛmp təp ˈoɾjən kuət, | :/suʟ ˈtamɔʟ ə ˈhygəs am tə ɛntsəpəˈtsuʟ nə ˈfɔsky ɾə œʟ əs ˈχəpsit, əs kœnt əp ŋuəɾ tə kiəɾ nɔus, ɛmp təp ˈoɾjən kuət, ɔtɔthaˈmɛs ɾə əmˈtaw ˈɾœsəntin/ | ||
:quite wont SG species human in recount PL story PL valiant_deed of hero and villain, and lose 3SG.M thought ADV so easy, that is_a remnant 1PL.INC, byproduct, of past forget-PST.PART | :quite wont SG species human in recount PL story PL valiant_deed of hero and villain, and lose 3SG.M thought ADV so easy, that is_a remnant 1PL.INC, byproduct, of past forget-PST.PART | ||
:SALEM: Mankind has grown quite fond of recounting the exploits of heroes and villains, forgetting so easily that we are remnants, byproducts, of a forgotten past. | :SALEM: Mankind has grown quite fond of recounting the exploits of heroes and villains, forgetting so easily that we are remnants, byproducts, of a forgotten past. |
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