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Kalyahekwe: Difference between revisions
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*There are minor differences between Northwestern and Southern dialects, where the initial ''"e"'' usually becomes ''"ya"'' in Eihtoomis and Šonoowis, but is always ''"e"'' in Teimyois. | *There are minor differences between Northwestern and Southern dialects, where the initial ''"e"'' usually becomes ''"ya"'' in Eihtoomis and Šonoowis, but is always ''"e"'' in Teimyois. | ||
These pronouns act like separate words, but in some Northern dialects they can be used with verbs as prefixes instead of person markers. These pronouns can also attach prefixes, that would change their meaning, for example: ''nökweð'' "where (is it)?" (''n-ökw-eð'', where ''"n-"'' is a spatial prefix and ''"ökw-"'' is an interrogative prefix). They can also act as separate sentences, for instance: ''nökweðan'' "where are they?", which does not require any additional verbs, unlike a similar construction in English. | These pronouns act like separate words, but in some Northern dialects they can be used with verbs as prefixes instead of person markers. These pronouns can also attach prefixes, that would change their meaning, for example: ''nökweð'' "where (is it)?" (''n-ökw-eð'', where ''"n-"'' is a spatial prefix and ''"ökw-"'' is an interrogative prefix). They can also act as separate sentences, for instance: ''nökweðan'' "where are they?", which does not require any additional verbs, unlike a similar construction in English. | ||
==Vocabulary== | |||
The following table shows words in Teimyois and corresponding words in a selection of other dialects. From it a number of similarities and some differences can be seen. Most differences are phonological and some are lexical. Their grammar operates more or less in exactly the same way, so if one person knows sound correspondences between the dialects, it is easy for them to understand speakers of those dialects. Verbs can sometimes have different conjugation patterns, but usually it does not create any major problem when it comes to intelligibility. In the following table, each verb is given with a third person singular subject, and if a verb is transitive, with a third person object or objects, nouns are given in their singular form. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! Teimyois | |||
! Möhkinis | |||
! Šonoowis | |||
! Eihtoomis | |||
|- | |||
| "morning" | |||
| ''niikin'' | |||
| ''noikin'' | |||
| ''niikin'' | |||
| ''niičin'' | |||
|- | |||
| "fire" | |||
| ''liihkw'' | |||
| ''ðiihkw'' | |||
| ''niikw'' | |||
| ''eikwih'' | |||
|- | |||
| "horse" | |||
| ''ilyoð'' | |||
| ''issot'' | |||
| ''iyo'' | |||
| ''iyot'' | |||
|- | |||
| "leaf" | |||
| ''fohk'' | |||
| ''ceθin'' | |||
| ''pilah''<br>''čiiš'' | |||
| ''fohk'' | |||
|- | |||
| "man (male adult)" | |||
| ''ahto'' | |||
| ''ahto'' | |||
| ''ahto'' | |||
| ''ahto'' | |||
|- | |||
| "man (male adult)" | |||
| ''ahto'' | |||
| ''ahto'' | |||
| ''ahto'' | |||
| ''ahto'' | |||
|- | |||
| "mother" | |||
| ''kaana'' | |||
| ''neeya'' | |||
| ''maama'' | |||
| ''kaana'' | |||
|- | |||
| "my mother" | |||
| ''(ki)maama'' | |||
| ''(ki)maama'' | |||
| ''kimaama'' | |||
| ''(či)maama'' | |||
|- | |||
| "s/he eats" | |||
| ''kööhceh'' | |||
| ''kööθeh'' | |||
| ''kahceh'' | |||
| ''kahceh'' | |||
|- | |||
| "s/he swims" | |||
| ''mooh'' | |||
| ''mooh'' | |||
| ''mooh'' | |||
| ''mooh'' | |||
|- | |||
| "s/he knows him/her" | |||
| ''koomah'' | |||
| ''koomah'' | |||
| ''koomšah'' | |||
| ''sökoomeh'' | |||
|- | |||
| "town" | |||
| ''ohtiikim'' | |||
| ''ohtiikim'' | |||
| ''ohtiikim'' | |||
| ''ohtiičim'' | |||
|- | |||
| "cloud" | |||
| ''ökwal'' | |||
| ''istoot'' | |||
| ''ökwan'' | |||
| ''ökwii'' | |||
|- | |||
| "s/he sees it" | |||
| ''yoyeeneh'' | |||
| ''yoseeneh'' | |||
| ''yočeeneh'' | |||
| ''yočeeneh'' | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Settameric languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Settameric languages]] | ||