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Pulqer/History: Difference between revisions
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** ''x'' /ks/ > ''ss'' | ** ''x'' /ks/ > ''ss'' | ||
* Prothesis before word-initial ''r''- or ''s''C-, e.g. ''rẹge > arike'', ''stella > astella'' | * Prothesis before word-initial ''r''- or ''s''C-, e.g. ''rẹge > arike'', ''stella > astella'' | ||
* Syllable-final ''r'' > ''l'', e.g. ''car'tate > khalthathe'' | |||
* Syllable-initial C''l'' > C''r'', e.g. ''clarus > khraru'' | |||
The following are later developments within OP. | The following are later developments within OP. | ||
* Stressed open vowels are lengthened, later diphthongised e.g. ''car'tate > | * Stressed open vowels are lengthened, later diphthongised e.g. ''car'tate > khalthaethe'' | ||
** ''a > ae'' /ae > ɛː/ | ** ''a > ae'' /ae > ɛː/ | ||
** ''e > ei'' /ɛi/ | ** ''e > ei'' /ɛi/ | ||
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===Middle Pulqer Changes=== | ===Middle Pulqer Changes=== | ||
* Geminate resonants (''ll, rr, nn, mm'') are preoccluded (> ''tl, tr, tn, pm'', e.g. ''khapallu > khapatlu''. | * Geminate resonants (''ll, rr, nn, mm'') are preoccluded (> ''tl, tr, tn, pm'', e.g. ''khapallu > khapatlu''. | ||
* Excrescent ''t'' is inserted between other resonants or between ''s'' + resonant, e.g. ''esre > estre, | * Excrescent ''t'' is inserted between other resonants or between ''s'' + resonant, e.g. ''esre > estre, | ||
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* Remaining ''q'' merge with ''k'', e.g. ''qistu > kistu'' | * Remaining ''q'' merge with ''k'', e.g. ''qistu > kistu'' | ||
* (recent) Loss of unstressed final syllables in words of three or more syllables, e.g. ''kapatyl > kapat'' (except infinitives). | * (recent) Loss of unstressed final syllables in words of three or more syllables, e.g. ''kapatyl > kapat'' (except infinitives). | ||
===Summary=== | |||
====Vowels==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | CL !! style="width: 100px;" | VL !! style="width: 100px;" | OP !! style="width: 100px;" | OP > MP !! style="width: 100px;" | ModP | |||
|- | |||
| a || rowspan="2;" | a(ː) || rowspan="2;" | a(ː) || a || a | |||
|- | |||
| ā || ae || rowspan="2;" | e | |||
|- | |||
| æ || rowspan="2;" | ę(ː) || rowspan="2;" | e(ː) || e | |||
|- | |||
| e || ei || rowspan="5;" | i <br> ia<sup>2</sup> | |||
|- | |||
| ē || rowspan="2;" | ẹ(ː) || rowspan="4;" | i(ː) || rowspan="2;" | i | |||
|- | |||
| œ | |||
|- | |||
| i || ɪ(ː) || rowspan="2;" | ie | |||
|- | |||
| ī || i(ː) | |||
|- | |||
| au || au || rowspan="2;" | ą(ː) <br> [u]<sup>1</sup> || a || rowspan="2;" | a | |||
|- | |||
| o || ǫ(ː) || au | |||
|- | |||
| ō || ọ(ː) || rowspan="3;" | u || u || u | |||
|- | |||
| u || ʊ(ː) || rowspan="2;" | ue || rowspan="2;" | u <br> ua<sup>2</sup> | |||
|- | |||
| ū || u(ː) | |||
|} | |||
# L. ''ov'' > ''uv'' > ''u'' | |||
# ''ie, ue'' + ''l, r'' > ''ia, ua'' | |||
====Consonants==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 100px;" | CL !! style="width: 100px;" | VL !! style="width: 100px;" | OP !! style="width: 100px;" | OP > MP !! style="width: 100px;" | ModP | |||
|- | |||
| p | |||
|- | |||
| b | |||
|- | |||
| v | |||
|- | |||
| t | |||
|- | |||
| d | |||
|- | |||
| k | |||
|- | |||
| g | |||
|- | |||
| qu | |||
|- | |||
| m | |||
|- | |||
| n | |||
|- | |||
| l | |||
|- | |||
| r | |||
|- | |||
| f | |||
|- | |||
| s | |||
|- | |||
| h | |||
|} | |||