Nkwu: Difference between revisions

Nkwu (view source)

Revision as of 15:24, 24 April 2021

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→‎Morphology

Imralu

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 ==Morphophonology==
 ==Morphology==
+The morphology of {{PAGENAME}} is agglutinative, with syntactic relationships within a sentence marked by prefixes and lexical derivation achieved by prefixes, infixes and suffixes on bases.
+Words are built on a root morpheme called a ''base''. Bases are neither inherently nominal nor verbal and can be used freely with either kind of morphology with no change in meaning.
+===Personal Markers===
+The first element added to both nominally and verbally inflected words is the personal marker. These provide pronominal information about grammatical person, definiteness, specificity and rank, an inflectional dimension that will be further explained below.
+Personal markers may be divided up into simple and compound markers. Simple markers are only used for singular referents in the first and second persons. In the 3rd person, personal markers do not give information about number. This means that '''''n-''''' and '''''w-''''' explicitly mean "I" and singular "you" respectively and cannot be used for "we" or plural "you", whereas '''''l-''''', a third person marker, could be used for either a singular referent ("he", "she" or "it") or plural referents ("they").
+{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
+|+ Simple (singular) Personal Markers
+|-
+! Prefix !! Person !! Rank !! Definiteness !! Specificity
+|-
+! n-
+| 1st || - || definite || specific
+|-
+! w-
+| 2nd || - || definite || specific
+|-
+! dj-
+| 3rd || A: "noble" || definite || specific
+|-
+! j-
+| 3rd || B: "dominant" || definite || specific
+|-
+! d-
+| 3rd || B: "intermediate" || definite || specific
+|-
+! l-
+| 3rd || C: "subordinate" || definite || specific
+|-
+! t-
+| 3rd || D: "inanimate" || definite || specific
+|-
+! ng-
+| 3rd || - || indefinite || specific
+|-
+! h-
+| 3rd || - || indefinite || non-specific
+|}
+First and second person plurals are indicated essentially by combination of two simple markers. For example, the inclusive first person plural "we (including you)" is formed by combining the first person marker '''''n-''''' with the second person marker '''''w-''''', producing '''''nw-'''''. Exclusive first person plurals, "we (not including you)" are formed by combining the '''''n-''''' of the first person with the definite third person marker of the appropriate rank, for example '''''nj-''''' means "we" in the sense of "he/they (dominant) and I". Second person plurals are similarly formed, with the exclusive 2nd person marker '''''vw-''''' used only for cases when every member of the group referred to is being addressed. Additional members of the group being referred to who are not being addressed will be indicated instead with a combination involving the appropriately ranked third person definite marker, such as '''''dw-''''' "you and he/they".
+{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
+|+ Compound (Plural) Personal Markers
+|-
+! Simple<br />Prefix !! Gloss !! + 1st<br />Person !! Gloss !! + 2nd<br />Person !! Gloss
+|-
+! n-
+| 1-
+! -
+| -
+! nw-
+| 1+2-
+|-
+! w-
+| 2-
+! nw-
+| 1+2
+! vw-
+| 2+2-
+|-
+! dj-
+| 3A-
+! ndj-
+| 1+3A-
+! djw-
+| 3A+2-
+|-
+! j-
+| 3B-
+! nj-
+| 1+3B-
+! jw-
+| 3B+2-
+|-
+! d-
+| 3C-
+! nd-
+| 1+3C-
+! dw-
+| 3C+2-
+|-
+! l-
+| 3D-
+! nl-
+| 1+3D-
+! lw-
+| 3D+2-
+|-
+! t-
+| 3E-
+! nt-
+| 1+3E-
+! tw-
+| 3E+2-
+|}
+=====Rank=====
+Third person definite referents are assigned a ''rank'' any time they are referred to.
 [[Category:Languages]]
 [[Category:Conlangs]]