Kirtumur nouns: Difference between revisions

Kirtumur nouns (view source)

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 [[w:Possession|Possession]] is a category that describes an asymmetric relationship between two constituents: the possessor and the possessed. The possessed can be further divided into alienable and [[w:Inalienable possession|inalienable]]. When something is inalienably possessed, it is usually an attribute or a quality that can not be physically removed from the possessor and blood relations. A distinct inalienable category exists only for first and second persons in Kirtumur.
-Like number, possession is marked with suffixes (inalieble possession is marked with prefixes instead), but they share some clitic-like behaviour with the case markers, for example: ''ōl ŋiwinu nōsa phasa'''nu''''' (blue eye-du bright.3rd.sg-stative wide.3rd.sg-stative-3sgPoss) "his/her wide bright blue eyes", where ''-nu'' "his" is phrase-final, even though the possessed is ''ŋiwinu'' "eyes". Since both "bright" and "wide" are stative verbs, they do not receive a possessive marker, but if an adjective is noun-like, a possessive marker will be used to denote the relation to the noun it modifies: ''uheim ukhinaušat'''nu''''' "a magnificent palace" (palace magnificent-3sgPoss). Multiple possession suffixes can be used to mark more than one possessor, but, unlike case markers, they do not necessarily stack at the end of a phrase: ''ninnau hephenu'' "their child’s hair" (child-3duPoss hair-3sgPoss, but ''nini hephenunau'' is equally possible and is a marker of a noble speech), in this example the absolutive marker ''-i'' is not used with the noun, it is never used with possessed nouns.
+Like number, possession is marked with suffixes (inalieble possession is marked with prefixes instead), but they share some clitic-like behaviour with the case markers, for example: ''ōl ŋiwinnu nōsa phasa'''nu''''' (blue eye-du bright.3rd.sg-stative wide.3rd.sg-stative-3sgPoss) "his/her wide bright blue eyes", where ''-nu'' "his" is phrase-final, even though the possessed is ''ŋiwinnu'' "eyes". Since both "bright" and "wide" are stative verbs, they do not receive a possessive marker, but if an adjective is noun-like, a possessive marker will be used to denote the relation to the noun it modifies: ''uheim ukhinaušat'''nu''''' "a magnificent palace" (palace magnificent-3sgPoss). Multiple possession suffixes can be used to mark more than one possessor, but, unlike case markers, they do not necessarily stack at the end of a phrase: ''ninnau hephenu'' "their child’s hair" (child-3duPoss hair-3sgPoss, but ''nini hephenunau'' is equally possible and is a marker of a noble speech), in this example the absolutive marker ''-i'' is not used with the noun, it is never used with possessed nouns.
 The possessive suffixes are: