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Lifashian: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
Standard Lifashian - which is based on a polished, late 19th century register of the Trapezuntine dialect - has the following 21 consonants. The consonant inventory itself is close to the ones of many European languages, as well as quite similar to neighboring Turkish. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Nasals | ! colspan=2 | Nasals | ||
| m || n || || ŋ|| | | m || n || || ŋ || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Plosives !! <small>Voiceless</small> | ! rowspan=2 | Plosives !! <small>Voiceless</small> | ||
| Line 86: | Line 86: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Trill | ! colspan=2 | Trill | ||
| || | | || r || || || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Approximants | ! colspan=2 | Approximants | ||
| w || || j || || | | w || || j || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
In contemporary Lifashian all 21 consonants are considered to be native, but etymologically the phonemes {{IPA|/z ʒ/}} are found only in loans from New Persian and Arabic through Persian (starting from ca. the 9th century CE), Ligurian (starting from the 12th century), or later and less prominent sources. | |||
The {{IPA|[ɲ]}} phone is sometimes considered to be a phoneme, and is recognized as a distinct sound by speakers, but it is phonemically analyzed as {{IPA|/nj/}}. While any underlying {{IPA|/sj/}} is also realized as {{IPA|[ʃ]}}, the latter is not just a phone but a phoneme, as it occurs in environments where an underlying {{IPA|/sj/}} would be impossible: {{IPA|/ʃ/}} is a common coda, but {{IPA|/j/}} cannot occur in a coda after another consonant. | The {{IPA|[ɲ]}} phone is sometimes considered to be a phoneme, and is recognized as a distinct sound by speakers, but it is phonemically analyzed as {{IPA|/nj/}}. While any underlying {{IPA|/sj/}} is also realized as {{IPA|[ʃ]}}, the latter is not just a phone but a phoneme, as it occurs in environments where an underlying {{IPA|/sj/}} would be impossible: {{IPA|/ʃ/}} is a common coda, but {{IPA|/j/}} cannot occur in a coda after another consonant. | ||