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User:Juhhmi/Irbel: Difference between revisions
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==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
===Palatalization=== | |||
* | The language is written with a modified Westlang (Latin) alphabet script. Notable is the phonemic palatalization which naturally occurs in consonants before front vowels /e/ and /i/. Attempts to express the palatalization have accumulated into a complex system which was greatly simplified by Beate Lucuc /vʲät͡ɕ lukux/ in year 521 of 7th era. | ||
*Pronounced front vowels: '' | |||
*"Mute" front vowels which trigger palatalization: close ''ı'' used with ''u'', and open ''e'' with ''a''. Can be used word-finally to change the last coda consonant into palatalized: ''caoc'' /kɑkʰ/ vs. ''caec'' /kɑcʰ/ | |||
*"Mute" back vowel ''o'' occurs between vowels and non-palatalized or -spirantized coda: ''cec'' /ceç/ vs. ''ceoc'' /cecʰ/ | |||
*Pronounced front vowels: ''í'' and ''é''. Use of ''u'' and ''a'' respectively with consonants, indicates that no palatilization occurs around ''í'' and ''é''. | |||
*Vowels ''ı'' and ''e'' can be used in place of pronounced ''í'' and ''é'' if there is no risk of confusion: ''céc'' = ''cec'' | |||
*Only two vowels are written in a same syllable. If palatalization of both onset and coda is required, both triggers are placed after the consonants: ''ceace'' /cäc/ | |||
*If a syllable has a front vowel as nucleus but both onset and coda not palatalized, ''h'' can be used to alter the coda instead of ''o'': ''caétaét'' /ketet͡ɕ/ vs. ''caétaéhc'' /ketetʰ/ | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
Word-final version are included after / if different, and /* means that the grapheme isn't used word-finally. | Word-final version are included after / if different, and /* means that the grapheme isn't used word-finally. | ||
| Line 159: | Line 167: | ||
|l | |l | ||
|lʲ/ʎ | |lʲ/ʎ | ||
|- | |- | ||
|c | |c | ||
|k/x | |k/x | ||
|c/ç | |c/ç | ||
|- | |||
|x/* | |||
|x | |||
|ç | |||
|- | |- | ||
|g | |g | ||
| Line 180: | Line 188: | ||
|ɥ | |ɥ | ||
|} | |} | ||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
| Line 211: | Line 217: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|w | |w | ||
|w: | |w:/ɥ: | ||
|Between vowels | |Between back/front vowels | ||
|- | |- | ||
|y | |y | ||
| Line 218: | Line 224: | ||
|Between vowels | |Between vowels | ||
|} | |} | ||
*Word-initial ''w'' before a back vowel is realized as /əw/ and before front vowels as /əɥ/. Word-initial ''y'' is correspondingly /əj/. In coda, ''w'' is used only after ''a'' and ''y'' only after ''a'' and ''e'' for diphthongs. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Grapheme | |||
!colspan="2"|With consonants | |||
|- | |||
!not palatalized: | |||
!palatalized: | |||
|- | |||
|a | |||
|ɑ | |||
|ä | |||
|- | |||
|u | |||
|u | |||
|ʉ | |||
|- | |||
|é | |||
|ɘ | |||
|e | |||
|- | |||
|í | |||
|ɪ | |||
|i | |||
|} | |||
Glottal fricative /h/ separates pronounced vowels in pronunciation: ''cíu'' /cihu/ | |||
===Digraphs=== | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Grapheme | !Grapheme | ||
| Line 233: | Line 271: | ||
|After ''u'', ''e'' and ''i'' | |After ''u'', ''e'' and ''i'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ce | |rowspan="2"|ce | ||
|c | |c | ||
|Before ''a'' | |Before ''a'' | ||
|- | |||
|cʰ | |||
|After ''a'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|oc | |oc | ||
| Line 243: | Line 284: | ||
|ot | |ot | ||
|tʰ | |tʰ | ||
|After ''e'' and ''i'' | |||
|- | |||
|op | |||
|pʰ | |||
|After ''e'' and ''i'' | |After ''e'' and ''i'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 259: | Line 304: | ||
|eu | |eu | ||
|ø | |ø | ||
| | |Stressed syllable | ||
|- | |- | ||
|ia | |ia | ||
|æ | |æ | ||
| | |Stressed syllable | ||
|} | |} | ||
''cıuq'' /cʉkɘ/, '' | Examples: ''cıuq'' /cʉkɘ/, ''cíu'' /cihu/, ''cead'' /cäkɪ/, ''céa'' /cehɑ/ | ||