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Hantza/Verbs: Difference between revisions
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* Imperative: unmarked | * Imperative: unmarked | ||
* Jussive: ''-bè-'', ''-bek-'' | * Jussive: ''-bè-'', ''-bek-'' | ||
Most commonly, the only category I mode used in relation the future tense is the future itself. However, in actual usage others may be used, often the retrospective. | |||
===Category I=== | |||
The imperfective is the most common aspect used with the present tense. However, it certainly is not limited to it. The imperfective is used to denotes an action or state without a fixed or well defined temporal boundary and, in contrast to the perfective, makes no comment on telicity or completedness of the action. It is often used with unfinished, continuous or repetitive actions. | |||
The iterative is used to denote and emphasise the repetition of the action, especially a continuously repeated action. | |||
The delimitative is used to present an action that occurs for a limited and often defined amount of time. It may be used in reference to the present tense but it is more usually used in the past tense. In the present it most often has the sense of "just doing X". | |||
The perfective is used to present an event as having well defined boundaries in time, that is a completed whole. This contrasts directly with the imperfective. This only occurs in the past tense. | |||
The retrospective presents an event or state as having occurred in past relative to the rest of the discourse. | |||
The future quite simply conveys that an event is yet to occur or that a state is yet to be. | |||
===Category II=== | |||
* Inchoative | |||
* Cessative | |||
* Irrealis | |||
===Category III=== | |||
*Optative | |||
*Cohortative | |||
*Imperative | |||
*Jussive | |||
==Copula== | ==Copula== | ||