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| <!-- In above sentence, intransitive stative "-ná-" is etymologically related to copula "-nan-" (to be). Both are cognates to Minhast "-an" intransitive marker and Nankôre "iná" intransitive auxiliary. I don't know why the regressive stress shift occurs --> | | <!-- In above sentence, intransitive stative "-ná-" is etymologically related to copula "-nan-" (to be). Both are cognates to Minhast "-an" intransitive marker and Nankôre "iná" intransitive auxiliary. I don't know why the regressive stress shift occurs --> |
| <!-- "-tsa-" = collective marker? --> | | <!-- "-tsa-" = collective marker? --> |
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| === Demonstratives ===
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| The demonstratives are determiners that point towards a specific entity. They follow their heads. Clitic versions append to the verb complexes.
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
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| ! Type !! Independent !! Translation !! Example || Nahenic Cognates
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| ! '''Proximal '''
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| | nótsalo
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| | this one near me
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| | ''nahón nótsalo'' "this man here"
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| * Minhast Gull Speaker dialect: <br/>''-nussar-''
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| * Nankôre: ''hosiayri'' <br/> /ho'ʃjaɪɾi/
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| |-
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| ! '''Medio-Proximal'''
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| | iyáyalo
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| | that one by you
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| | ''nahón iyáyalo'' "that man next to you"
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| * Minhast Gull Speaker dialect: <br/>''-eyyar-, -yyar-''
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| * Nankôre: ''yaiyayri''
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| ! '''Distal'''
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| | pʼáyalo
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| | yonder, that one near him/her/them
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| |''nahón pʼáyalo'' "yonder man""
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| * Minhast Gull Speaker dialect: <br/>''-ppeyyar-''
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| * Nankôre: ''paypayri''
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| ! '''Invisible'''
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| | nando
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| | that one beyond the horizon, <br/>or occluded by a distant object
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| | ''nahón nando'' "that man <br/>(e.g. on the other side <br/> of the mountain)"
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| * Minhast Stone Speaker dialect: <br/>''-onda-'' "to conceal"(?)<ref>This remains a highly contested hypothesis.</ref>
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| |}
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| === Numbers === | | === Numbers === |