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Aterran Imperial: Difference between revisions
→Word Order & Alignments
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===Word Order & Alignments=== | ===Word Order & Alignments=== | ||
The basic order of Standard Imperial is SOV; that is: Subject, Object, Verb. However, as with many languages, it doesn’t fit quite so tidily into a single category. Intransitive or “objectless” clauses may be VS, and “verbless” predicative adjectival phrases may be AS or SA depending on various factors. | |||
====Typology==== | ====Typology==== | ||
SOV~VS; VSO or SVO marked. | |||
====Morphosyntactic Alignment==== | ====Morphosyntactic Alignment==== | ||
Historically, Ancient Imperial was a heavily marked nominative-accusative language, though this description is rather nominal, as no inflection exists in modern Standard Imperial that might differentiate marked nouns. Modern Imperial shows tendencies toward an ergative-absolutive structure in its non-standard handling of objectless subjects and duplication of certain subjects to coerce them into transitive roles (see [[#Bi-Transitive Verbs|Bi-Transitive Verbs]], but not enough to be able to consider it an ergative-absolutive language. | |||
====Noun Phrases==== | ====Noun Phrases==== | ||
The standard order ot most noun phrases is: | |||
# Adposition | |||
# Numeral | |||
# '''<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Noun</span>''' | |||
# Demonstrative/Determiner | |||
# Adjective (Phrase) | |||
# Genitive (Phrase) | |||
# Relative (Clause) | |||
E.g. ‘…with those three thin men from the village who stole my brother’s dog’ would be translated more literally as “with three men those thin (ones) from village who dog of brother of me stole.” | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|colspan=6| '''''…[[Contionary: thie#Modern Standard Imperial|thie]] [[Contionary: shar#Modern Standard Imperial|shar]] [[Contionary: rosha#Modern Standard Imperial|rarosha]] [[Contionary: ku#Modern Standard Imperial|ku]] [[Contionary: meish#Modern Standard Imperial|meish]] [[Contionary: ma#Modern Standard Imperial|ma]] [[Contionary: shuthket#Modern Standard Imperial|shuthket]],''''' | |||
|- | |||
| with || three || men || those || thin (ones) || from (the) village | |||
|- | |||
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">cmt</span> || 3 || <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">pl</span>-man || <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">dist</span> || thin || <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">del</span> village | |||
|- | |||
| ''thie'' || ''shar'' || ''ra-rosha'' || ''ku'' || ''meish'' || ''ma shuthket'' | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|colspan=5| '''''[[Contionary: tèla#Modern Standard Imperial|tèla]] [[Contionary: bagè#Modern Standard Imperial|bagè]] [[Contionary: go#Modern Standard Imperial|go]] [[Contionary: phetùk#Modern Standard Imperial|phetùk]] [[Contionary: go#Modern Standard Imperial|go]] [[Contionary: meu#Modern Standard Imperial|meu]] [[Contionary: hati#Modern Standard Imperial|hati]] [[Contionary: gathka#Modern Standard Imperial|gathka]].''''' | |||
|- | |||
| who || (the) dog || of (the) brother || of me || did steal | |||
|- | |||
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">rel</span> || dog || of brother || of <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">1sg</span> || <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">pst</span> steal | |||
|- | |||
| ''tèla'' || ''bagè'' || ''go phetùk'' || ''go meu'' || ''hati gathka'' | |||
|} | |||
====Adjective Phrases==== | ====Adjective Phrases==== | ||
Degree adverbs precede the adjective they modify. | |||
# Degree Adverbs | |||
# '''<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Adjective</span>''' | |||
‘That was a very good dog,’ would be literally, ‘That (one) dog very good was.’ | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|colspan=5| '''''[[Contionary: tèku#Modern Standard Imperial|Tèku]] [[Contionary: bagè#Modern Standard Imperial|bagè]] [[Contionary: kashki#Modern Standard Imperial|kashki]] [[Contionary: savati#Modern Standard Imperial|savati]] [[Contionary: gan#Modern Standard Imperial|gan]].''''' | |||
|- | |||
| that (onw) || dog|| very || good || was | |||
|- | |||
| one-that || dog || <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">aug</span> || good || <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">pst.cop</span> | |||
|- | |||
| ''tèku'' || ''bagè'' || ''kashki'' || ''savati'' || ''gan'' | |||
|} | |||
Alternatively, because of the copula-optional nature of the language as concerns adjectives, it is also correct to render this as: ''Kashki hati savati bagè ku''. (“Very was good dog that.”) | |||
===Copular Clauses=== | ===Copular Clauses=== | ||