Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions

Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin (view source)

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 *** Poetic emphatic forms: ''năm-ghărtăch-să, năd-ghărtăch-să, nă-ghărtăch-șăn, nă-gărtăch-șă, năr-gărtăch-ņín, nur-gărtăch-șă, năn-gărtăch-săn''
 ** ''ņey'' 'perfect marker' also suppletes: ''ărăm<sup>L</sup>-, ărăd<sup>L</sup>-, ăr<sup>L</sup>-, ăr-h-, ărnăr(n)-, ărnur(n)-, ărnăn-/ărnăm-/ărnăņ-''
-** ''ă<sup>L</sup>'' 'infinitive marker': ''dăm<sup>L</sup>, dăd<sup>L</sup>, dă<sup>L</sup>, dă-h-, dăr(n), dur(n), dăn-/dăm-/dăņ-'' (The infinitive marker ă<sup>L</sup> comes from older ''do'' 'to')
+** ''ă<sup>L</sup>'' 'infinitive marker': ''ăm<sup>L</sup>, ăd<sup>L</sup>, d- (before vowel or fh)/ă<sup>L</sup> (otherwise), ă-h-, ăr(n), ur(n), ăn-/ăm-/ăņ-'' (The infinitive marker ă<sup>L</sup> comes from older ''do'' 'to')
 ** ''Bi șņi năn-ih băméșăch ăm Purim.'' 'We eat them during Purim.' (etym. "we be in their eating")
 * suffixed pronouns, on prepositions
 Examples:
-* năm-ih 'is eating me' / năm-chur 'is putting me', năd-ih / năd-chur, n-ih / nă-chur, nă-h-ih / nă-cur, nărn-ih / năr-cur, nurn-ih / nur-cur, năn-ih / năn-cur
+* / năm-chur 'is putting me', năd-ih / năd-chur, n-ih / nă-chur, nă-h-ih / nă-cur, nărn-ih / năr-cur, nurn-ih / nur-cur, năn-ih / năn-cur
 * ărăm-ih 'has eaten me' / ărăm-chur 'has put me', ărăd-ih / ărăd-chur, ăr-ih / ăr-chur, ăr-h-ih / ăr-cur, ărnărn-ih / ărnăr-cur, ărnurn-ih / ărnur-cur, ărnăn-ih / ărnăn-cur
 * dăm-ih 'to eat me' / dăm-chur 'to put me', dăd-ih / dăd-chur, d-ih / dă-chur, dă-h-ih / dă-cur, dărn-ih / dăr-cur, durn-ih / dur-cur, dăn-ih / dăn-cur
+{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 750px; text-align:center;"
+|+ Object pronoun markers in {{PAGENAME}}
+! colspan=2 style="width: 75px; "| → Person
+! style="width: 75px; " | 1sg
+! style="width: 75px; " | 2sg
+! style="width: 75px; " | 3sg m.
+! style="width: 75px; " | 3sg f.
+! style="width: 75px; " | 1pl
+! style="width: 75px; " | 2pl
+! style="width: 75px; " | 3pl
+|-
+!rowspan=2| progressive
+! verb beginning in V
+| ''năm-ih''
+| ''năd-ih''
+| ''n-ih''
+| ''nă-h-ih''
+| ''nărn-ih''
+| ''nurn-ih''
+| ''năn-ih''
+|-
+! verb beginning in C
+| ''năm-chur''
+| ''năd-chur''
+| ''nă-chur''
+| ''nă-cur''
+| ''năr-cur''
+| ''nur-cur''
+| ''năn-cur''
+|-
+!rowspan=2| perfect
+! verb beginning in V
+| ''ărăm-ih''
+| ''ărăd-ih''
+| ''ăr-ih''
+| ''ăr-h-ih''
+| ''ărnărn-ih''
+| ''ărnurn-ih''
+| ''ărăn-ih''
+|-
+! verb in C-
+| ''ărăm-chur''
+| ''ărăd-chur''
+| ''ăr-chur''
+| ''ăr-cur''
+| ''ărnăr-cur''
+| ''ărnur-cur''
+| ''ărăn-cur''
+|-
+!rowspan=2| infinitive and imperative
+! verb in V-
+| ''ăm-ih''
+| ''ăd-ih''
+| ''d-ih''
+| ''ă-h-ih''
+| ''ărn-ih''
+| ''urn-ih''
+| ''ăn-ih''
+|-
+! verb in f-
+| ''ăm-fhec̦''
+| ''ăd-fhec̦''
+| ''d-fhec̦''
+| ''ă-fec̦''
+| ''ăr-fec̦''
+| ''ur-fec̦''
+| ''ăm-fec̦''
+|-
+! otherwise
+| ''ăm-chur''
+| ''ăd-chur''
+| ''ă-chur''
+| ''ă-cur''
+| ''ăr-cur''
+| ''ur-cur''
+| ''ăn-cur''
+|}
 All of these forms have emphatic counterparts: mișă, t(h)usă, (ș)eșăn, (ș)ișă, șņeyn/șņin (from *sinne fhéin), (ș)ivșă, (ș)iedsăn. These are essentially the "default" independent forms and are always used when stressing a pronoun is required. These are used to address someone: ''Tusă!''/''Ivșă!'' 'You!'. Expressions for 'only', 'except' and 'also' also require emphatic pronouns: אן אף תּוֹסא, בּרוֹתּוֹס ''Ăn af tusă, Brutus?'' 'Et tu, Brute?'