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The PIE case system was drastically simplified, however inflections show some of the inherited complexity. Stems are given with two forms: the nominative/absolutive singular ending and the oblique stem vowel used for all other cases: the case endings are agglutinated to this stem, and generally have postvocalic and postconsonantal allomorphs. There are six cases - nominative/absolutive, ergative, accusative, dative, equative (a likely Hurrian influence) and locative - plus a relic genitive. | The PIE case system was drastically simplified, however inflections show some of the inherited complexity. Stems are given with two forms: the nominative/absolutive singular ending and the oblique stem vowel used for all other cases: the case endings are agglutinated to this stem, and generally have postvocalic and postconsonantal allomorphs. There are six cases - nominative/absolutive, ergative, accusative, dative, equative (a likely Hurrian influence) and locative - plus a relic genitive. | ||
Most letters have their IPA values, except '''ng''' {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, '''ǝ''' {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, '''ṛ''' {{IPA|/ɽ~ɻ/}}, '''š''' {{IPA|/ʃ/}}, '''o''' {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. Long vowels are marked with a macron. | Most letters have their IPA values, except '''c''' {{IPA|/tʃ/}} '''j''' {{IPA|/dʒ/}} '''ng''' {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, '''ǝ''' {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, '''ṛ''' {{IPA|/ɽ~ɻ/}}, '''š''' {{IPA|/ʃ/}}, '''o''' {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. Long vowels are marked with a macron. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||