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Elodian: Difference between revisions
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Most letters have their IPA values, except '''c''' {{IPA|/tʃ/}} '''j''' {{IPA|/dʒ/}} '''ng''' {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, '''ǝ''' {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, '''ṛ''' {{IPA|/ɽ~ɻ/}}, '''š''' {{IPA|/ʃ/}}, '''o''' {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. Long vowels are marked with a macron. | Most letters have their IPA values, except '''c''' {{IPA|/tʃ/}} '''j''' {{IPA|/dʒ/}} '''ng''' {{IPA|/ŋ/}}, '''ǝ''' {{IPA|/ɛ/}}, '''ṛ''' {{IPA|/ɽ~ɻ/}}, '''š''' {{IPA|/ʃ/}}, '''o''' {{IPA|/ɔ/}}. Long vowels are marked with a macron. | ||
==Morphology== | |||
===Nouns=== | |||
Elodian nouns decline for six cases: nominative-absolutive, ergative, accusative, dative, equative and locative, with a seventh one, the genitive, still found in some relic uses. Nouns are categorized according to the ending of their citation form (nominative-absolutive singular) and the corresponding oblique form, i.e. the stem to which the case endings are added. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Pattern !! Nominative/Absolutive !! Oblique !! Notes | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=4 | Masculine | |||
|- | |||
! I | |||
| -∅ || -∅- || | |||
|- | |||
! II | |||
| -a || -o- || No longer productive | |||
|- | |||
! III | |||
| -ē || -or- || Same as feminine pattern II | |||
|- | |||
! IV | |||
| -i || -i- || Moderately productive (borrowings ending in voiced obstruents) | |||
|- | |||
! V | |||
| -o || -u- || Not productive, limited to a few nouns (e.g. ''hūlo'' "son", ''šargo'' "lion") | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=4 | Feminine | |||
|- | |||
! I | |||
| -ā, -īa || -eh-V, -ā-C (-īeh-V, -īa-C) || ''-īa'' nouns are borrowings | |||
|- | |||
! I-b | |||
| -ā || -ǝt- or -at- || Arabic nouns in ''tāʾ marbūṭah''. In contemporary Elodian these nouns generally follow pattern I, except in compounding. | |||
|- | |||
! II | |||
| -ē || -or- || Same as masculine pattern III | |||
|- | |||
! III | |||
| -ī || -ih-V, -ī-C || | |||
|- | |||
! IV | |||
| -ū || -uh-V, -ū-C || No longer productive | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=4 | Neuter | |||
|- | |||
! I | |||
| -e || -i- || | |||
|- | |||
! II | |||
| -u || rowspan=2 | -o- || | |||
|- | |||
! III | |||
| -o || | |||
|- | |||
! IV | |||
| -mā || -mon- || | |||
|- | |||
! V | |||
| -mo || -mot- || Greek nouns in ''-μα(τ-)'' | |||
|- | |||
! VI | |||
| -nē || -ni- || Mostly collectives | |||
|} | |||
The following table shows the case endings. The ergative and accusative singular forms vary depending on whether the stem ends in a consonant or a vowel (feminine patterns I, III and IV use the prevocalic form here); the locative singular is generally ''-hu'', with ''-šu'' depending on the preceding sound (historical RUKI law). In the nominative-absolutive plural ''-i'' is for masculine and feminine nouns, while ''-ā'' for neuters; ''-ī'' is exclusively used for masculine pattern IV. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Case !! Singular !! Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Nominative-absolutive | |||
| -- || -i (-ī) / -ā | |||
|- | |||
! Ergative | |||
| -š, -eš || -ex | |||
|- | |||
! Accusative | |||
| -w, -o || -ā | |||
|- | |||
! Dative | |||
| -ē || -(o)bo | |||
|- | |||
! Equative | |||
| -(e)ɂār || -(o)bīṛ | |||
|- | |||
! Locative | |||
| -hu / -šu || -ēšu | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive (relic) | |||
| -ay (masculine)<br/>-ē (feminine)<br/>-i (neuter) || -ow | |||
|} | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||