Ilithian: Difference between revisions

'''Ilithian''' (''jľoudhišká dahvá'' /ˈʝʎou̯dʱɪʃkaː ˈdaɦvaː/) is a classical IE language in the [[Verse:Irta|Irta]] timeline, inspired by Czech, Sanskrit, Greek, and Proto-Celtic. It shares the ruki law with Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic and gw > b, but it has centum and kw gwh > k g like Q-Celtic and some laryngeal vocalization like Greek.

| [ŋ]

| '''ť, ti''' /c/

| '''ď, di''' /ɟ/

| '''g''' /g/

| '''š''' /ʃ/ || [ç] || '''ch''' /x/ ||  

| '''v''' /v/

| || '''ž''' /ʒ/ || '''j''' /j~ʝ/ ||  || '''h''' /ɦ/

| '''ľ, li''' /ʎ/

 

Vowels: a e i u á é í/ý ú ů ej ou áj áu, acute = long vowel (u, ú, ů, ou, áu = ɯ, ɯː, uː, ɔw, aːw), l ĺ r ŕ = syllabic liquids

PIE oey > ej

all é > ý in the "Prakrit", ý from older long e causes "second palatalization", ý from Sebatian é causes "third palatalization"

mýs, mýnes- 'month'

k g h t d dh p b bh v m n l r s > CL+č CL+dž CL+džh CL+ť CL+ď CL+ďh pj bj bhj vj mň CL+ň CL+ľ CL+ř CL+š

This occurs after laryngeals vocalize. Sometimes iotation causes compensatory lengthening ("CL") of the vowel before the iotated consonant: ''*bʰh₂nyoh₂'' 'I shine' > ''*bʰanjō'' > ''*bʰāňō'' > CIlith ''bháňů'' 'I burn'.

Literary Sebatian nouns and adjectives are extremely conservative in that they retain all 8 PIE cases and the dual number (like Sanskrit). However, a lot of analogical leveling between noun paradigms has taken place.

! colspan=3| ''gouštú'' (f.) = meat

|''gouštú'' || ''goustavé'' ||''gouštavech''

|''gouštouch'' || ''gouštaváu'' ||''gouštavou''

|''gouštaváj'' || ''gouštubhou'' ||''gouštubh''

|''gouštú'' || ''gouštavé'' ||''gouštúch''

|''gouštouch'' || ''gouštubhí'' ||''gouštubh''

|''gouštujá'' || ''gouštubhí'' ||''gouštubhi''

|''gouštáu, gouštavi'' || ''gouštaváu'' ||''gouštúš''

|''gouštou!'' || ''gouštavé!'' ||''goustavech!''

! colspan=3| ''hmůb'' (m.) = human

|''hmůb''||''hmenů''||''hmené''

TODO: Family members ''patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, dhvatýr''

! colspan=3| ''bů'' (f.) = cow

|''bů''||''bavé''||''bavech''

|''bouch''||''baváu''||''bavou''

|''baváj'' ||''bůbhou'' ||''bůbh''

|''bou, bavou'' ||''bavé''||''bůch, bavech''

|''bouch'' ||''bůbhou'' ||''bůbh''

|''bavá, bůjá'' ||''bůbhí'' ||''bůbhi''

|''bavé'' || ''baváu'' ||''bouš''

|''bů!'' || ''bavé!''||''bavech!''

| ''nábhi, nasmabhi'' || ''júbhi''|| ''téch'' || ''tábhi'' || ''téch''  

The possessive pronouns ''m(an)ák, tv(an)ák, sv(an)ák, nasmák, jušmák'' decline as ''o''-stem adjectives. Other pronouns use the genitive form.

|+ Declension of ''jsas'' 'being'

jév, jévá, jéva (m/f/n) = 1

dvů, dvé, dvé (m/f/n) = 2

tři, třis, tří (m/f/n) = 3

čenče, čenčis, čenča (m/f/n) = 5

šeš = 6

aktů = 8

jneva = 9

deka = 10

jévurdeka = 11

dvůrdeka = 12

třírdeka = 13

četurdeka = 14

čenčurdeka = 15

šešurdeka = 16

septurdeka = 17

aktůrdeka = 18

jnevurdeka = 19

víkati = 20

jévurvíkati = 21

tříkat = 30

četurkat = 40

čenčkat = 50

šeškat = 60

septakat = 70

aktůkat = 80

jnevakat = 90

kata = 100

džhílí = 1000

Sebatian has unmarked order SOV: 'The woman sings the song' is ''Džená gájma gájet''. (Using ''gájma'' 'song' as an object of ''gájeti'' 'to sing' implies specificity. 'Sings a (nonspecific) song' would simply be ''gájet''.)

Sebatian is topic-prominent, so the topic comes first:

*''Džená gájma gájet'' = The woman sings the song (cf. ''Onna wa uta wo utau'')

*''Gájma gájet džená'' = The song is sung by a woman/The *woman* sings the song (cf. ''Uta wa onna ga utau'')

*''Žmenou dvů jstou'' = There are two people/Of people, there are two (cf. ''Hito wa futari ga iru'')

*''Tam švů jest'' = He has a dog (cf. Jp. ''Kare wa inu ga iru'')

The ''-č'' or ''-če'' Wackernagel clitic ('and' in Classical Sebatian) becomes an explicit topic particle in later forms of Sebatian.

''Višvé hmené svapátěbhi ženijánté; téšou jsutvrtitáť andoušijéče lígé jsant.''

=== Sebatian textbook ===

''Či vír jest. Vír Jsužen rekté, taš jnama Jsužen jest. Číč bená jest. Bená Ouháľá rekté. Jsužen Ouhálěch pať jest, Ouháľáč Jsuženaš patní. Gmátů jstou. Tébhou tří dhýná jsant, súnů dhvatýrče.''

 

'''Avi jekvéče'''

''Avi, kasmej vlná nébhú, ividat jekvouch: jéva tangu vaha vehanti, jévače maha bhara, jévače hmůba aku bheranti.''

''JÉDNESI PANTÁTECH TEKMENÁ. Gegrýš jaha tasmej ajavej, kasmi se hmeniškáj maťáj vištím ater jsúrtami vlkamič bháněti vjážet, vídas jaha vištítá ater hmenéš stámená rtěchče pravekouchče rbhíchče, čebhi anadedhánté, ambebháté meži nepavá bhúti doušá, ja se jsu, ku kaný hmenou štidhý se andůjou, meš am kaja praveka bívatou anadůtí bhúját, maťájmi.''