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'''Ilithian''' (''jľoudhišká dahvá'' /ˈʝʎou̯dʱɪʃkaː ˈdaɦvaː/) is a classical IE language in the [[Verse:Irta|Irta]] timeline, inspired by Czech, Sanskrit, Greek, and Proto-Celtic. It shares the ruki law with Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic and gw > b, but it has centum and kw gwh > k g like Q-Celtic and some laryngeal vocalization like Greek.
'''Ilithian''' (''gľaudhiſſká dažwá'' /ˈʝʎou̯ɟʱɪʃkaː ˈdaʒvaː/) is a classical IE language in [[Verse:Avishviya]] (''Awiſſwigá''), inspired by Czech, Sanskrit, Greek, and Proto-Celtic. It shares satemization and the ruki law with Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic.


Lots of compounding as in Sanskrit; sandhi?
Switch everything to Brethren spelling
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
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|
|
| '''ň, ni''' /ɲ/
| '''ň, ni''' /ɲ/
| [ŋ]
| '''ŋ''' /ŋ/
|
|
|-
|-
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| '''t''' /t/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''č''' /tʃ/
| '''č''' /tʃ/
| '''ť, ti''' /c/
| '''ť''' /c/
| '''k''' /k/  
| '''k''' /k/  
|
|
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| '''d''' /d/
| '''d''' /d/
| '''dž''' /dʒ/
| '''dž''' /dʒ/
| '''ď, di''' /ɟ/
| '''ď''' /ɟ/
| '''g''' /g/
|  
|
|
|-
|-
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| [f]
| [f]
| '''s''' /s/  
| '''s''' /s/  
| '''š''' /ʃ/ || [ç] || '''ch''' /x/ ||  
| '''ſſ''' /ʃ/ || [ç] || '''ch''' /x/ ||  
|-
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
!<small>voiced</small>
| '''v''' /v/
| '''w''' /v/
| || '''ž''' /ʒ/ || '''j''' /j~ʝ/ ||  || '''h''' /ɦ/
| || '''ž''' /ʒ/ || '''g''' /j~ʝ/ ||  || '''h''' /ɦ/
|-
|-
!colspan="2"| Liquid
!colspan="2"| Liquid
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| '''l''' /l/, '''r''' /r/
| '''l''' /l/, '''r''' /r/
| '''ř''' /(Czech ř)/
| '''ř''' /(Czech ř)/
| '''ľ, li''' /ʎ/
| '''ľ''' /ʎ/
|  
|  
|  
|  
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Consonants: identical to Czech (add ľ bh dh džh ďh, but h < gh), but j = [ʝ~ç]. No Auslautverhärtung.
Consonants: identical to Czech (add ľ bh dh džh ďh, but h < gh), but j = [ʝ~ç]. No Auslautverhärtung.


d dh t n l + i í pronounced as if written ď ďh ť ň ľ + i í; ý is non-palatalizing í
Vowels: a e i u á é j ú ů eg au ág áu, acute = long vowel (u, ú, ů, ou, áu = u, ʉː, uː, ɔw, aːw), l ĺ r ŕ = syllabic liquids
 
Vowels: a e i u á é í/ý ú ů ej ou áj áu, acute = long vowel (u, ú, ů, ou, áu = ɯ, ɯː, uː, ɔw, aːw), l ĺ r ŕ = syllabic liquids


PIE oey > ej
PIE oey > eg


Pitch accent: Proto-Slavic style?
Pitch accent: Proto-Slavic style?
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ē, eh1 > ý, iH > í
ē, eh1 > ý, iH > í


all é > ý in the "Prakrit", ý from older long e causes "second palatalization", ý from Sebatian é causes "third palatalization"
all é > ý in the "Prakrit", ý from older long e causes "second palatalization", ý from Classical Ilithian é causes "third palatalization"


mýs, mýnes- 'month'
mjs, mjnes- 'month'


ja > je?
ja > je?
=== Iotation ===
=== Iotation ===
k g h t d dh p b bh v m n l r s > CL+č CL+dž CL+džh CL+ť CL+ď CL+ďh pj bj bhj vj mň CL+ň CL+ľ CL+ř CL+š
k g h t d dh p b bh v m n l r s > CL+č CL+dž CL+džh CL+ť CL+ď CL+ďh pg bg bhg wg mň CL+ň CL+ľ CL+ř CL+š


This occurs after laryngeals vocalize. Sometimes iotation causes compensatory lengthening ("CL") of the vowel before the iotated consonant: ''*bʰh₂nyoh₂'' 'I shine' > ''*bʰanjō'' > ''*bʰāňō'' > CIlith ''bháňů'' 'I burn'.
This occurs after laryngeals vocalize. Sometimes iotation causes compensatory lengthening ("CL") of the vowel before the iotated consonant: ''*bʰh₂nyoh₂'' 'I shine' > ''*bʰanjō'' > ''*bʰāňō'' > CIlith ''bháňů'' 'I explain, I state'.


==Nouns==
==Nouns==
Literary Sebatian nouns and adjectives are extremely conservative in that they retain all 8 PIE cases and the dual number (like Sanskrit). However, a lot of analogical leveling between noun paradigms has taken place.
Literary Ilithian nouns and adjectives are extremely conservative in that they retain all 8 PIE cases and the dual number (like Sanskrit). However, a lot of analogical leveling between noun paradigms has taken place.
=== o-stems ===
=== o-stems ===
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
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!
!
! colspan=3| ''avýju'' (m.) = wind
! colspan=3| ''avýju'' (m.) = wind
! colspan=3| ''gouštú'' (f.) = meat
! colspan=3| ''žouštú'' (f.) = meat
! colspan=3| ''medhu'' (n.) = honey
! colspan=3| ''medhu'' (n.) = honey
|-
|-
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|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''avýju'' || ''avýjavů'' ||''avýjavé''
|''avýju'' || ''avýjavů'' ||''avýjavé''
|''gouštú'' || ''goustavé'' ||''gouštavech''
|''žouštú'' || ''žoustavé'' ||''žouštavech''
|''medhu'' || ''medhavé'' || ''medhú''
|''medhu'' || ''medhavé'' || ''medhú''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''avýjouš'' || ''avýjaváu'' ||''avýjavou''
|''avýjouš'' || ''avýjaváu'' ||''avýjavou''
|''gouštouch'' || ''gouštaváu'' ||''gouštavou''
|''žouštouch'' || ''žouštaváu'' ||''žouštavou''
|''medhouš'' || ''medhaváu'' ||''medhavou''
|''medhouš'' || ''medhaváu'' ||''medhavou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''avýjavej'' || ''avýjubhou'' ||''avýjubh''
|''avýjavej'' || ''avýjubhou'' ||''avýjubh''
|''gouštaváj'' || ''gouštubhou'' ||''gouštubh''
|''žouštaváj'' || ''žouštubhou'' ||''žouštubh''
|''medhavej'' || ''medhubhou'' ||''medhubh''
|''medhavej'' || ''medhubhou'' ||''medhubh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''avýjú'' || ''avýjavů'' ||''avýjúch''
|''avýjú'' || ''avýjavů'' ||''avýjúch''
|''gouštú'' || ''gouštavé'' ||''gouštúch''
|''žouštú'' || ''žouštavé'' ||''žouštúch''
|''medhu'' || ''medhavé'' ||''medhú''
|''medhu'' || ''medhavé'' ||''medhú''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''avýjouch'' || ''avýjubhí'' ||''avýjubh''
|''avýjouch'' || ''avýjubhí'' ||''avýjubh''
|''gouštouch'' || ''gouštubhí'' ||''gouštubh''
|''žouštouch'' || ''žouštubhí'' ||''žouštubh''
|''medhouch'' || ''medhubhí'' ||''medhubh''
|''medhouch'' || ''medhubhí'' ||''medhubh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''avýjú'' || ''avýjubhí'' ||''avýjubhi''
|''avýjú'' || ''avýjubhí'' ||''avýjubhi''
|''gouštujá'' || ''gouštubhí'' ||''gouštubhi''
|''žouštujá'' || ''žouštubhí'' ||''žouštubhi''
|''medhú'' || ''medhubhí'' ||''medhubhi''
|''medhú'' || ''medhubhí'' ||''medhubhi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''avýjáu, avýjavi'' || ''avýjaváu'' ||''avýjúš''
|''avýjáu, avýjavi'' || ''avýjaváu'' ||''avýjúš''
|''gouštáu, gouštavi'' || ''gouštaváu'' ||''gouštúš''
|''žouštáu, žouštavi'' || ''žouštaváu'' ||''žouštúš''
|''medháu, medhavi'' || ''medhaváu'' ||''medhúš''
|''medháu, medhavi'' || ''medhaváu'' ||''medhúš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''avýjou!'' || ''avýjavů!'' ||''avýjavé!''
|''avýjou!'' || ''avýjavů!'' ||''avýjavé!''
|''gouštou!'' || ''gouštavé!'' ||''goustavech!''
|''žouštou!'' || ''žouštavé!'' ||''goustavech!''
|''medhou!'' || ''medhavé!'' ||''medhú!''
|''medhou!'' || ''medhavé!'' ||''medhú!''
|}
|}
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|-
|-
!
!
! colspan=3| ''hmůb'' (m.) = human
! colspan=3| ''žmů'' (m.) = human
|-
|-
!
!
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|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''hmůb''||''hmenů''||''hmené''
|''žmů''||''žmenů''||''žmené''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
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=== -ýr nouns ===
=== -ýr nouns ===
TODO: Family members ''patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesýr, dhvatýr''
TODO: Family members ''patýr, mátýr, bhrátýr, svesůr, dhvatýr''
==== Masculine ====
==== Masculine ====
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
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|-
|-
!
!
! colspan=3| ''bů'' (f.) = cow
! colspan=3| ''gů'' (f.) = cow
|-
|-
!
!
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|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|''bů''||''bavé''||''bavech''
|''gů''||''gavé''||''gavech''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|align="right"|'''Genitive'''
|''bouch''||''baváu''||''bavou''
|''gouch''||''gaváu''||''gavou''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|align="right" |'''Dative'''
|''baváj'' ||''bůbhou'' ||''bůbh''
|''gaváj'' ||''gůbhou'' ||''gůbh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|align="right"|'''Accusative'''
|''bou, bavou'' ||''bavé''||''bůch, bavech''
|''gou, gavou'' ||''gavé''||''gůch, gavech''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|align="right"|'''Ablative'''
|''bouch'' ||''bůbhou'' ||''bůbh''
|''gouch'' ||''gůbhou'' ||''gůbh''
|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|align="right"|'''Instrumental'''
|''bavá, bůjá'' ||''bůbhí'' ||''bůbhi''
|''gavá, gůjá'' ||''gůbhí'' ||''gůbhi''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|align="right" |'''Locative'''
|''bavé'' || ''baváu'' ||''bouš''
|''gavé'' || ''gaváu'' ||''gouš''
|-
|-
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|align="right" |'''Vocative'''
|''bů!'' || ''bavé!''||''bavech!''
|''gů!'' || ''gavé!''||''gavech!''
|}
|}


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|-
|-
! ins.
! ins.
| ''nábhi, nasmabhi'' || ''júbhi''|| ''téch'' || ''tábhi'' || ''téch''  
| ''nábhi, nasmabhi'' || ''júbhi, jušmabhi''|| ''téch'' || ''tábhi'' || ''téch''  
|-
|-
! loc.
! loc.
| ''nasméš'' || ''jušméš'' || ''téš'' || ''táš'' || ''téš''  
| ''nasméš'' || ''jušméš'' || ''téš'' || ''táš'' || ''téš''  
|}
|}
The possessive pronouns ''m(an)ák, tv(an)ák, sv(an)ák, nasmák, jušmák'' decline as ''o''-stem adjectives. Other pronouns use the genitive form.
The possessive pronouns ''jm(an)ák, tv(an)ák, sv(an)ák, nasmák, jušmák'' decline as ''o''-stem adjectives. Other pronouns use the genitive form.


=== Demonstrative ===
=== Demonstrative ===
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=== Participles ===
=== Participles ===
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|+ Declension of ''jsas'' 'being'
|+ Declension of ''jsas'' 'real'; ''jsan'' means 'thing'
|-
|-
!
!
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== Numerals ==
== Numerals ==
<poem>
<poem>
jév, jévá, jéva (m/f/n) = 1
géw, géwá, géwa (m/f/n) = 1
dvů, dvé, dvé (m/f/n) = 2
dwů, dwé, dwé (m/f/n) = 2
tři, třis, tří (m/f/n) = 3
třj, třis, třj (m/f/n) = 3
četur, četus, četura (m/f/n) = 4
četur, četus, četura (m/f/n) = 4
čenče, čenčis, čenča (m/f/n) = 5
penče, penčis, penča (m/f/n) = 5
šeš = 6
ſſeſſ = 6
septa - 7
septa - 7
aktů = 8
aſſtů = 8
jneva = 9
gnewa = 9
deka = 10
deſſa = 10
jévurdeka = 11
géwurdeſſa = 11
dvůrdeka = 12
dwůrdeſſa = 12
třírdeka = 13
třjrdeſſa = 13
četurdeka = 14
četurdeſſa = 14
čenčurdeka = 15
penčurdeſſa = 15
šešurdeka = 16
ſſeſſurdeſſa = 16
septurdeka = 17
septurdeſſa = 17
aktůrdeka = 18
aſſtůrdeſſa = 18
jnevurdeka = 19
gnewurdeſſa = 19
víkati = 20
wjžati = 20
jévurvíkati = 21
géwurwjžati = 21
tříkat = 30
třjžat = 30
četurkat = 40
četuržat = 40
čenčkat = 50
pendžat = 50
šeškat = 60
ſſežžat = 60
septakat = 70
septažat = 70
aktůkat = 80
aſſtůžat = 80
jnevakat = 90
gnewažat = 90
kata = 100
ſſata = 100
džhílí = 1000
žílj = 1000
</poem>
</poem>


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
Sebatian has unmarked order SOV: 'The woman sings the song' is ''Džená gájma gájet''. (Using ''gájma'' 'song' as an object of ''gájeti'' 'to sing' implies specificity. 'Sings a (nonspecific) song' would simply be ''gájet''.)
Ilithian has unmarked order SOV: 'The woman sings the song' is ''Džená ŋágma ŋáget''. (Using ''ŋágma'' 'song' as an object of ''ŋágeti'' 'to sing' implies specificity. 'Sings a (nonspecific) song' would simply be ''ŋáget''.)


Sebatian is topic-prominent, so the topic comes first:
Ilithian is topic-prominent, so the topic comes first:
*''Džená gájma gájet'' = The woman sings the song (cf. ''Onna wa uta wo utau'')
*''džená ŋágma ŋáget'' = The woman sings the song (cf. ''Onna wa uta wo utau'')
*''Gájma gájet džená'' = The song is sung by a woman/The *woman* sings the song (cf. ''Uta wa onna ga utau'')
*''ŋágma ŋáget džená'' = The song is sung by a woman/The *woman* sings the song (cf. ''Uta wa onna ga utau'')
*''Žmenou dvů jstou'' = There are two people/Of people, there are two (cf. ''Hito wa futari ga iru'')
*''žmenau dwů gstau'' = There are two people/Of people, there are two (cf. ''Hito wa futari ga iru'')
*''Tam švů jest'' = He has a dog (cf. Jp. ''Kare wa inu ga iru'')
*''tam ſſwů gest'' = He has a dog (cf. Jp. ''Kare wa inu ga iru'')
The ''-č'' or ''-če'' Wackernagel clitic ('and' in Classical Sebatian) becomes an explicit topic particle in later forms of Sebatian.
The ''-č'' or ''-če'' Wackernagel clitic ('and' in Classical Ilithian) becomes an explicit topic particle in later descendants.


==Sample text==
==Sample text==
=== UDHR ===
=== UDHR ===
''Višvé hmené svapátěbhi ženijánté; téšou jsutvrtitáť andoušijéče lígé jsant.''
''Wiſſvé žmené swapátěbhi ženigánté; téſſau gsutwrtitáť andauſſijéče líŋé gsant.''


=== Sebatian textbook ===
=== Ilithian textbook ===
==== Lesson 2 ====
==== Lesson 2 ====
''Či vír jest. Vír Jsužen rekté, taš jnama Jsužen jest. Číč bená jest. Bená Ouháľá rekté. Jsužen Ouhálěch pať jest, Ouháľáč Jsuženaš patní. Gmátů jstou. Tébhou tří dhýná jsant, súnů dhvatýrče.''
''Sſi wjr gest. Wjr Gsužen rekté, taſſ gnama Gſſužen gest. Sſjč džená gest. Džená Auháľá rekté. Gsužen Auhálěch pať gest, Auháľáč Gsuženaſſ patnj. Žmátů gstau. Tébhau třj dhýná gsant, súnů dhwatýrče.''
 
This is a man. The man is called Jsužen, his name is Jsužen. This is a woman. The woman's name is Ouháľá. Jsužen is Ouháľá's husband, and Ouháľá is his wife. They are married/a couple. They have three children, two sons and a daughter.


===Schleicher's Fable===
===Schleicher's Fable===
'''Avi jekvéče'''
'''Awi geſſwéče'''


''Avi, kasmej vlná nébhú, ividat jekvouch: jéva tangu vaha vehanti, jévače maha bhara, jévače hmůba aku bheranti.''
''Awi, kasmáj wlná nébhú, widat geſſwauch: jéwa táŋu waha wehanti, jéwače maha bhara, jéwače žmena aſſu bheranti.''


[[Category:Indo-European languages|C]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages|C]]
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'''Ilithian'''
'''Ilithian'''


''JÉDNESI PANTÁTECH TEKMENÁ. Gegrýš jaha tasmej ajavej, kasmi se hmeniškáj maťáj vištím ater jsúrtami vlkamič bháněti vjážet, vídas jaha vištítá ater hmenéš stámená rtěchče pravekouchče rbhíchče, čebhi anadedhánté, ambebháté meži nepavá bhúti doušá, ja se jsu, ku kaný hmenou štidhý se andůjou, meš am kaja praveka bívatou anadůtí bhúját, maťájmi.''
''GÉDNESI PANTÁTECH TEČMENÁ. Ŋeŋrýſſ gaha tasmeg agaweg, kasmi se žmeniſſkág maťág wiſſtjm ater gsúrtami wlkamič bháněti wgážet, wjdas gaha wiſſtjtá ater žmenéſſ stámená rtěchče prawekauchče rbhjchče, čebhi anadedhánté, ambebháté gmeži nepawá bhúti dauſſá, ga se gsu, ku kaný žmenau ſſtidhý se andůgau, meš am kaga praweka džjwatau anadůtj bhúgát, maťágmi.''


'''English''' (tr. Matthew Spinka)
'''English''' (tr. Matthew Spinka)
IlL
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