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|-
|-
!'''II'''
!'''II'''
|bjowe
|bjove
|byt  
|byt  
|bjåg
|bjåg
|buwon
|buvon
|ibowen
|iboven
|-
|-
!'''V'''
!'''V'''
|jewe
|jeve
|jeft
|jeft
|jaf
|jaf
|jåwon
|jåvon
|ijewen
|ijeven
|-
|-
!'''VI'''
!'''VI'''
|ware
|vare
|wert
|vert
|wor
|vor
|woron
|voron
|iwarn
|ivarn
|-
|-
!'''VII'''
!'''VII'''
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|}
|}


Please note that the verbs ''byte'' and ''bjowe'' have got the same 2nd person singular form in the present of indicative (''byt'').
Please note that the verbs ''byte'' and ''bjove'' have got the same 2nd person singular form in the present of indicative (''byt'').


The IV class has got two different options:
The IV class has got two different options:
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* ''wjorte - wyrt - wjart - wurron - iworren'';
* ''wjorte - wyrt - wjart - wurron - iworren'';
* ''helpe - hilpt - skjalp (!) - hulpon - iholpen'';
* ''helpe - hilpt - hjalp - hulpon - iholpen'';
* ''drinke - drinkt - dronk - drunkon - idrunken''.
* ''drinke - drinkt - dronk - drunkon - idrunken''.


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|''to go''
|''to go''
|-
|-
|ware
|vare
|wert
|vert
|wor
|vor
|woron
|voron
|iwarn
|ivarn
|bjo
|bjo
|''to go''
|''to go''
|-
|-
|frjowe
|frjove
|frjot
|frjot
|frjode
|frjode
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|set
|set
|sjå
|sjå
|såwon
|såvon
|isewen
|iseven
|hå
|hå
|''to see''
|''to see''
|-
|-
|lege
|lege
|lekt
|legt
|lekte
|legde
|lekton
|legdon
|ilegen
|ilegen
|bjo
|bjo
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|''must; to have to''
|''must; to have to''
|-
|-
|skjorwe
|skjorve
|skyrft
|skyrft
|skjarf
|skjarf
|skjurwon
|skjurvon
|iskjorwen
|iskjorven
|bjo
|bjo
|''to die''
|''to die''
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|skaft
|skaft
|skof
|skof
|skowon
|skovon
|iskån
|iskån
|hå
|hå
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|''to eat''
|''to eat''
|-
|-
|mawe
|mave
|mag
|mag
|myte
|myte
|myton
|myton
|imawen
|imaven
|hå
|hå
|''to wish''
|''to wish''
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|goer
|goer
|-
|-
|ware
|vare
|warend
|varend
|goer
|goer
|-
|-
|frjowe
|frjove
|frjowend
|frjovend
|lover, one who loves
|lover, one who loves
|-
|-
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|}
|}


Some verbs had an older and archaic participle that has become a noun, and these verbs have developed later a regular form for the participle, ex.: ''frjowe'' > ''frjond'' (friend); ''frjowend'' (lover, participle).
Some verbs had an older and archaic participle that has become a noun, and these verbs have developed later a regular form for the participle, ex.: ''frjove'' > ''frjond'' (friend); ''frjovend'' (lover, participle).
There are also substantives that are a present participle of an obsolete and no more used verb, ex.: ''wjond'', enemy, is a participle of the archaic verb ''wjowe'', to hate, that has been substituted with ''hatje''; ''lind'', lover, is a participle of the archaic verb ''lie'' (that corresponds to English "to love" and is used only in poetry), to desire "carnally".
There are also substantives that are a present participle of an obsolete and no more used verb, ex.: ''vjond'', enemy, is a participle of the archaic verb ''vjove'', to hate, that has been substituted with ''hatje''; ''lind'', lover, is a participle of the archaic verb ''lie'' (that corresponds to English "to love" and is used only in poetry), to desire "carnally".
Participles can add ''-es'' or zero suffix to form the plural form, however the participles that end in ''-jond'' can add the suffix ''-es'' or change ''-jo-'' with ''-y-'', ex.: ''lerend'' > ''lerend''/''es''; ''sjond'' > ''sjondes''/''synd''.
Participles have usually a zero suffix plural form, however the participles that end in ''-jond'' change ''-jo-'' with ''-y-'', ex.: ''lerend'' > ''lerend''; ''sjond'' > ''synd''.


===Preterite-present verbs===
===Preterite-present verbs===
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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Duwe''' (to succeed)
!'''Duve''' (to succeed)
!'''Mune''' (to remember)
!'''Mune''' (to remember)
!'''Turwe''' (to need)
!'''Turve''' (to need)
!'''Skule''' (must)
!'''Skule''' (must)
!'''Durre''' (to dare)
!'''Durre''' (to dare)
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|-
|-
!'''we''' / '''je''' / '''hy'''
!'''we''' / '''je''' / '''hy'''
|duwon
|duvon
|munon
|munon
|turwon
|turvon
|skolon
|skolon
|durron
|durron
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!'''5th voice'''
!'''5th voice'''
|-
|-
|duwe
|duve
|djåg
|djåg
|dote
|dote
|doton
|doton
|iduwen
|iduven
|-
|-
|mune
|mune
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|imunen
|imunen
|-
|-
|turwe
|turve
|tjarf
|tjarf
|torfte
|torfte
|torfton
|torfton
|iturwen
|iturven
|-
|-
|skule
|skule
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|}
|}


The future of the verb ''skule'' is formed with the perifrastic construction: ''skule + bjo injewed to + infinitive'', ex.:
The future of the verb ''skule'' is formed with the perifrastic construction: ''skule + bjo injeved to + infinitive'', ex.:


* ''Tů skal injewed to do het'' - You will have to do it.
* ''Tů skal injeved to do het'' - You will have to do it.


Very often this construction is avoided and ''skule'' is simply used in its present tense:
Very often this construction is avoided and ''skule'' is simply used in its present tense:
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If the same construction of the present perfect is used with the auxiliary inflected to past or future, then two new tenses are formed: the past perfect and the future perfect. The former is used to talk about past happenings that ended before another past happening; the latter is used to talk about future happenings that will end before another future happening, ex.:
If the same construction of the present perfect is used with the auxiliary inflected to past or future, then two new tenses are formed: the past perfect and the future perfect. The former is used to talk about past happenings that ended before another past happening; the latter is used to talk about future happenings that will end before another future happening, ex.:


* ''Y hafte ieten ond y ůtjode'' - I had eaten and [then] I went out;
* ''Y hafte ieten ond y jode ůt'' - I had eaten and [then] I went out;
* ''Hwonne tů skal onhipe, y skal hå ijonded'' - As you'll return, I will have finished.
* ''Hwonne tů skal onhipe, y skal hå ijonded'' - As you'll return, I will have finished.


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It has already been said that the present subjunctive is used to report words said by others, even if this words were said in the past, ex.:
It has already been said that the present subjunctive is used to report words said by others, even if this words were said in the past, ex.:


* He says that Mary loves him - ''He hwet (at) Mary frjowe hin.''
* He says that Mary loves him - ''He hwet (at) Mary frjove hin.''
* He said that Mary loved him - ''He hwat (at) Mary frjowe hin.''  
* He said that Mary loved him - ''He hwat (at) Mary frjove hin.''  


Irregular verbs have got a regular present subjunctive, except for the irregular verbs with a root vowel ''u'': in this case the ''u'' becomes ''i'':
Irregular verbs have got a regular present subjunctive, except for the irregular verbs with a root vowel ''u'': in this case the ''u'' becomes ''i'':
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!'''Do'''
!'''Do'''
!'''Skå'''
!'''Skå'''
!'''Åwe'''
!'''Åve'''
!'''Hå'''
!'''Hå'''
!'''Wille'''
!'''Wille'''
!'''Mawe'''
!'''Mave'''
|-
|-
!'''tů'''
!'''tů'''
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!'''Kunne'''
!'''Kunne'''
!'''Mote'''
!'''Mote'''
!'''Duwe'''
!'''Duve'''
!'''Mune'''
!'''Mune'''
!'''Turwe'''
!'''Turve'''
!'''Skule'''
!'''Skule'''
!'''Durre'''
!'''Durre'''
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In this case the future is used with the inversion of verb and subject.
In this case the future is used with the inversion of verb and subject.
To be more polite it can be used the construction of the verb ''skule'' or of the verb ''turwe''. Usually this pattern is used with the 2nd person plural to underline the politeness, but it is often used with the 2nd person singular too:
To be more polite it can be used the construction of the verb ''skule'' or of the verb ''turve''. Usually this pattern is used with the 2nd person plural to underline the politeness, but it is often used with the 2nd person singular too:


* ''Tů skal do het.'' / ''Tů tjarf do het.'' - You have to do it. / You need to do it.
* ''Tů skal do het.'' / ''Tů tjarf do het.'' - You have to do it. / You need to do it.
* ''Je skolon do het.'' / ''Je turwon do het.'' - You should do it.  
* ''Je skolon do het.'' / ''Je turvon do het.'' - You should do it.  


The use of the future of indicative and of the present of subjunctive with the other persons are called exhortation form. Some examples with other persons:
The use of the future of indicative and of the present of subjunctive with the other persons are called exhortation form. Some examples with other persons:


* ''Gå we to se lerstof.'' - Let's go to the school.  
* ''Gå we to se lerstof.'' - Let's go to the school.  
* ''Ete skjo an klåwje.'' - She eat a sandwich.  
* ''Ete skjo an klåvje.'' - She eat a sandwich.  


In both these constructions the verb precedes the subject.
In both these constructions the verb precedes the subject.
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|}
|}


The conditional of the verb ''skule'' is formed with the perifrastic construction: ''skule + bjo injewed to + infinitive'', ex.:
The conditional of the verb ''skule'' is formed with the perifrastic construction: ''skule + bjo injeved to + infinitive'', ex.:


* ''Tů skolle injewed to do het'' - You should do it.
* ''Tů skolle injeved to do het'' - You should do it.


To give a suggestion this construction can be avoided and substituted for ''skule + infinitive'', in this case the verb precedes the subject:
To give a suggestion this construction can be avoided and substituted for ''skule + infinitive'', in this case the verb precedes the subject:
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* '''Hejl's''' - ''Hello'', it's informal;
* '''Hejl's''' - ''Hello'', it's informal;
* '''Go symt''' / '''Warjarw''' - ''Goodbye'', the former is used in formal speech, the latter in informal relations;
* '''Go symt''' / '''Varjarv''' - ''Goodbye'', the former is used in formal speech, the latter in informal relations;
* '''Go merjen''' - ''Good morning'', it's used more or less till 10 a.m.;
* '''Go merjen''' - ''Good morning'', it's used more or less till 10 a.m.;
* '''Go dag''' - ''Good morning'', it's used between 10 a.m. and 02 p.m.;
* '''Go dag''' - ''Good morning'', it's used between 10 a.m. and 02 p.m.;
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|29 Nov. - 26 Dec.  
|29 Nov. - 26 Dec.  
|-
|-
|''Snåwmond''
|''Snågmond''
|27 Dec. - 23 Jan.
|27 Dec. - 23 Jan.
|-
|-
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|18 Apr. - 15 May
|18 Apr. - 15 May
|-
|-
|''Håwmond''
|''Hågmond''
|16 May - 12 Jun.
|16 May - 12 Jun.
|-
|-
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|13 Jun. - 10 Jul.
|13 Jun. - 10 Jul.
|-
|-
|''Skjemond''
|''Hjemond''
|11 Jul. - 07 Aug.
|11 Jul. - 07 Aug.
|-
|-
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|05 Sep. - 02 Oct.
|05 Sep. - 02 Oct.
|-
|-
|''Winterwild''
|''Wintervild''
|03 Oct. - 31 Oct.
|03 Oct. - 31 Oct.
|}
|}


''Winterwild'' is the only month that has got 29 days and, when the year is an '''oerjår''' (= leap year), it receives one day more.
''Wintervild'' is the only month that has got 29 days and, when the year is an '''oerjår''' (= leap year), it receives one day more.
The year is divided into two '''jårtyd''' (= seasons) - '''Winter''', winter, and '''Sumor''', summer. In the past '''Herfst''' (= autumn) and '''Lent''' (= spring) were considered to be the half of the true season, whose name could indicate both the entire season and the first half of it:
The year is divided into two '''jårtyd''' (= seasons) - '''Winter''', winter, and '''Sumor''', summer. In the past '''Herfst''' (= autumn) and '''Lent''' (= spring) were considered to be the half of the true season, whose name could indicate both the entire season and the first half of it:


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|''Tyfsdag''
|''Tyfsdag''
|Tuesday
|Tuesday
|Day of '''Tyw''' (god of war)
|Day of '''Tyv''' (god of war)
|-
|-
|''Wojnsdag''
|''Wojnsdag''
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|Day of '''Tůr''' (god of thunder)
|Day of '''Tůr''' (god of thunder)
|-
|-
|''Frjosdag''
|''Frysdag''
|Friday
|Friday
|Day of '''Fryo''' (goddess of love and sex)
|Day of '''Fryo''' (goddess of love and sex)
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In Tjoc calendar there are ten important holidays, that come from the Celtic and Anglo-Saxon pagan festivals (the main ones are in bold):
In Tjoc calendar there are ten important holidays, that come from the Celtic and Anglo-Saxon pagan festivals (the main ones are in bold):


* '''1st Blommond - Winteråwilm''' (or '''Jåranginn''') = Winter begin / New Year's day (1st winter festival);
* '''1st Blommond - Winteråvilm''' (or '''Jåranginn''') = Winter begin / New Year's day (1st winter festival);
* '''23th''' or '''24th Jola - Wintersoljet''' = Winter solstice (2nd winter festival);
* '''23th''' or '''24th Jola - Wintersoljet''' = Winter solstice (2nd winter festival);
* '''9th Solmond - Lentåwilm''' (or '''Imbell''') = Spring begin (1st spring festival);
* '''9th Solmond - Lentåvilm''' (or '''Imbell''') = Spring begin (1st spring festival);
* '''28th Kremmond''' or '''1st Jormond - Lentsewennyt''' = Spring Equinox (2nd spring festival);
* '''28th Kremmond''' or '''1st Jormond - Lentsevennyt''' = Spring Equinox (2nd spring festival);
* ''13th Trilkmond - Sumoråwilmsåwen'' = Summer begin's eve;
* ''13th Trilkmond - Sumoråvilmsåven'' = Summer begin's eve;
* '''14th Trilkmond - Sumoråwilm''' (or '''Jårskjalw''') = Summer begin (1st summer festival);
* '''14th Trilkmond - Sumoråvilm''' (or '''Jårhjalv''') = Summer begin (1st summer festival);
* '''8th''' or '''9th Lyta - Sumorsoljet''' = Summer solstice (2nd summer festival);
* '''8th''' or '''9th Lyta - Sumorsoljet''' = Summer solstice (2nd summer festival);
* '''22th Skjemond - Herfståwilm''' (or '''Wojenskelldag''') = Autumn begin (1st autumn festival);
* '''22th Hjemond - Herfståvilm''' (or '''Wojenskelldag''') = Autumn begin (1st autumn festival);
* '''18th''' or '''19th Hålimond - Herfstsewennyt''' = Autumn Equinox (2nd autumn festival);
* '''18th''' or '''19th Hålimond - Herfstsevennyt''' = Autumn Equinox (2nd autumn festival);
* ''29th'' or ''30th Winterwild - Winteråwilmsåwen'' (or ''Jårjondning'') = New Year's eve.
* ''29th'' or ''30th Wintervild - Winteråvilmsåven'' (or ''Jårjondning'') = New Year's eve.


=Samples=
=Samples=
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: ''Te skjor skyna så hådri:''
: ''Te skjor skyna så hådri:''
: ''Hen is se nyt hwonn’ se Sunne is iborn.''
: ''Hen is se nyt hwonn’ se Sunne is iborn.''
: ''Lengi swaf tat lond i tem calle Winter,''
: ''Lengi svaf tat lond i tem calle Winter,''
: ''Hen kimt se Sunne ond kljoft njon se Jort.''
: ''Hen kimt se Sunne ond kljoft njon se Jort.''
: ''An hopsem killning gåt tur se mewi worull:''
: ''An hopsem killning gåt tur se moje worull:''
: ''Ur tem dyrkn kimt ut se nywe dag.''
: ''Ur tem dyrkn kimt ut se nywe dag.''
: '''KOR: Singt nů mig glåels'''
: '''KOR: Singt nů mig glåels'''
: '''O singt ond west jall’n mirje'''
: '''O singt ond west jall’n mirje'''
: '''O yssi nyt, o nyt af håli bir'''
: '''O godsem nyt, o nyt af håli bir'''
: '''O yssi nyt, o nyt, o yssi nyt'''
: '''O godsem nyt, o nyt, o godsem nyt'''
: ''We wåta ůs i mones skjolwor ljot''
: ''We wåta ůs i mones sjolvor ljot''
: ''Ond åbywa wor se Sun af Ljot kimt.''
: ''Ond åbyva vor se Sun af Ljot kimt.''
: ''Tů, Måer, hall ůs i Tyn klippning,''
: ''Tů, Måer, hall ůs i Tyn klippning,''
: ''Senn ůs Tyn Birt, hwå kljoft ůre sål’n.''
: ''Senn ůs Tyn Birt, hwå kljoft ůre sål’n.''
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