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Proto-Rathmosian/Later Developments: Difference between revisions
Proto-Rathmosian/Later Developments (view source)
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* unstressed ''eC'' > ''iC'' and ''eyC'' > ''iyC'' | * unstressed ''eC'' > ''iC'' and ''eyC'' > ''iyC'' | ||
* word-final, short ''a, e'' lost in words of 3 or more syllables: ''negara'' > ''negar'' | * word-final, short ''a, e'' lost in words of 3 or more syllables: ''negara'' > ''negar'' | ||
* loss of word-final nasals ''-n'', ''-m'' with nasalisation or preceding vowel, creating new ''ą, ę, į, ų'' and ''ąą, ęę, įį, ųų'' | * loss of word-final nasals ''-n'', ''-m'' with nasalisation or preceding vowel, creating new ''ą, ę, į, ų, ɚ'' and ''ąą, ęę, įį, ųų'' | ||
* loss of word-final ''-t'' | * loss of word-final ''-t'' | ||
* raising of ''e'' > ''i'', ''ew > iw'' and ''ey'' > '' | * raising of ''e'' > ''i'', ''ew > iw'' and ''ey'' > ''iy'' before ''i'' or ''y'' in the next syllable | ||
* loss of ''y'' between vowels and contraction of remaining vowels | * loss of ''y'' between vowels and contraction of remaining vowels | ||
* loss of word-final short, non-nasal vowels in words of 3 or more syllables: ''negani'' > ''negan'' | * loss of word-final short, non-nasal vowels in words of 3 or more syllables: ''negani'' > ''negan'' | ||
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===Rathmos Changes=== | ===Rathmos Changes=== | ||
* ''ə(ə)'' > ''e(e)'', ''ɚ > a'' | |||
* nasals followed by fricatives are lost, leading to compensatory lengthening and nasalisation of preceding vowel: ''negans'' > ''negąąs'' | * nasals followed by fricatives are lost, leading to compensatory lengthening and nasalisation of preceding vowel: ''negans'' > ''negąąs'' | ||
* ''Cy'' > ''CC'', except ''ry'' | |||
* ''g'' > /ɣ/ in most positions, except ''ng, gg'' | |||
* ''p, t, k'' > ''f, þ, h'' and ''b, d > v, ð'' before ''n, m, l, r'' | |||
* ''a(a)'' and ''ay'' raised to ''ä(ä), äy'' except before ''-n, -m'' or before a back vowel (''a(a), o(o), u(u)'') in the next syllable | * ''a(a)'' and ''ay'' raised to ''ä(ä), äy'' except before ''-n, -m'' or before a back vowel (''a(a), o(o), u(u)'') in the next syllable | ||
** unstressed ''äC'' > ''eC'' | ** unstressed ''äC'' > ''eC'' | ||
* word-final ''-a'' lost | * word-final ''-a'' lost | ||
* nasal vowels merge with non-nasal counterparts | |||
* stressed ''ä, e, i'' > ''äw, ew, iw'' before ''-w, -lC, rC'' | * stressed ''ä, e, i'' > ''äw, ew, iw'' before ''-w, -lC, rC'' | ||
* changes to diphthongs: ''ay > ae, aw > ao, äy > äe, äw > äo, ey > ee, ew > eo, uy | * changes to diphthongs: ''ay > ae, aw > ao, äy > äe, äw > äo, ey > ee, ew > eo, uy | ||
* ''k, g, sk'' palatalised to ''ch'' /t͡ʃ/, ''ȝ'' /ʝ/, ''sh'' /ʃ/ (a) before a front vowel (''ä, e, i, ü'') or ''y'', or (b) after ''e, i'' except when followed by a back vowel: ''negara > neger > neȝer'' but ''neganta > negan'' | * ''k, g, sk'' palatalised to ''ch'' /t͡ʃ/, ''ȝ'' /ʝ/, ''sh'' /ʃ/ (a) before a front vowel (''ä, e, i, ü'') or ''y'', or (b) after ''e, i'' except when followed by a back vowel: ''negara > neger > neȝer'' but ''neganta > negan'' | ||
* i-mutation: ''a(a) > ä(ä), e(e) > i(i), o(o) > ö(ö), u(u) > ü(ü)'' before ''i, y'' in next syllable | * i-mutation: ''a(a) > ä(ä), e(e) > i(i), o(o) > ö(ö), u(u) > ü(ü)'' before ''i, y'' in next syllable | ||
* word-final ''-i, -u'' lost, except after light monosyllable | |||
* unstressed vowel reduction: | |||
** medial syllable: ''a, ä, e'' lost, ''i, u'' lost after heavy syllable, > ''e'' after light syllable, ''oo'' > ''o'', other long vowels > short | |||
** final syllable: ''ä, i'' > ''e'', ''uC'' > ''oC'', ''oo > u'', other long vowels > short | |||
===Carrick Changes=== | |||
* ''ə(ə), ɚ > a'' | |||
* nasal vowels merge with non-nasal counterparts | |||
* i-mutation: ''a(a) > ä(ä), o(o) > ö(ö), u(u) > ü(ü)'' before ''i, y'' in next syllable | |||
* stressed ''e(e)'' > ''ja(a)'', except after ''l, w'' | |||
* u-mutation: ''a(a) > o(o), ja(a) > jo(o), ä(ä) > œ(œ), e(e) > ö(ö), i(i) > ü(ü) | |||
* ''y'' lost before front vowels and ''w'' before back vowels, except ''a'' | |||
* devoicing of word-final consonants | |||
* ''mp, nk, nt > pp, kk, tt'' | |||