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Carpathian ablaut: Difference between revisions
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→The qualitative ablaut
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However, qualitative ablaut is still visible and productive in several derivational categories: | However, qualitative ablaut is still visible and productive in several derivational categories: | ||
*[[w:Noun|Substantives]] with an "a"-vowel in their roots, derived from verbs without suffixes with an "e"-vowel, denoting action or agent: ''r'''e'''ktei'' “to say” — ''r'''a'''kas'' “law”, ''b'''e'''rgetei'' “to protect” — ''b'''a'''rgas'' “protection”. Some words have undergone semantic drift or became obsolete: ''g'''a'''rmas'' “thunder” from dial. ''g'''e'''rmetei'' “to mutter” (the zero-grade ''g'''i'''rmētei'' “to thunder”, derived from the e-grade verb, still exists though); ''gadas'' “meeting, gathering” from ''*gʰedʰ-'', though the "e"-grade verb did not survive. | *[[w:Noun|Substantives]] with an "a"-vowel in their roots, derived from verbs without suffixes with an "e"-vowel, denoting action or agent: ''r'''e'''ktei'' “to say” — ''r'''a'''kas'' “law”, ''b'''e'''rgetei'' “to protect” — ''b'''a'''rgas'' “protection”. Some words have undergone semantic drift or became obsolete: ''g'''a'''rmas'' “thunder” from dial. ''g'''e'''rmetei'' “to mutter” (the zero-grade ''g'''i'''rmētei'' “to thunder”, derived from the e-grade verb, still exists though); ''gadas'' “meeting, gathering” from ''*gʰedʰ-'', though the "e"-grade verb did not survive. | ||
*Substantives, ending in ''-ā'', denoting the product of an action, derived from verbs with e-vowel roots: ''n'''e'''rtei'' “to plunge” — ''n'''a'''rā'' “hole, burrow”; ''p'''e'''ntei'' “to stretch” — ''p'''a''nā'' “curtain”; ''w'''e'''ltei'' “to allow” — ''w'''a'''liā'' “will, freedom”. | *Substantives, ending in ''-ā'', denoting the product of an action, derived from verbs with e-vowel roots: ''n'''e'''rtei'' “to plunge” — ''n'''a'''rā'' “hole, burrow”; ''p'''e'''ntei'' “to stretch” — ''p'''a'''nā'' “curtain”; ''w'''e'''ltei'' “to allow” — ''w'''a'''liā'' “will, freedom”. | ||
*Substantives, ending in ''-is'', denoting agents of action, tools or states: ''s'''e'''ngetei'' “to reach” — ''s'''a'''ngis'' “that which reaches”. No longer productive. | *Substantives, ending in ''-is'', denoting agents of action, tools or states: ''s'''e'''ngetei'' “to reach” — ''s'''a'''ngis'' “that which reaches”. No longer productive. | ||
*Progressive or iterative verbs with a-vowel: ''n'''e'''stei'' “bring, carry” — ''n'''a'''sītei'' “to be carrying”; ''l'''e'''mtei'' “to break” — ''l'''a'''mītei'' “to be breaking”. | *Progressive or iterative verbs with a-vowel: ''n'''e'''stei'' “bring, carry” — ''n'''a'''sītei'' “to be carrying”; ''l'''e'''mtei'' “to break” — ''l'''a'''mītei'' “to be breaking”. | ||