Annerish: Difference between revisions

===Latin===

The Latin alphabet was introduced by the Irish Christians during the early 7th century. Another major factor in the Romanization of Anrish was the later advent of the printing press, created exclusively for Latin-based writing systems.

The Runic alphabet was reintroduced by the Viking migrants in the Middle ages.

==History==

It is hypothesised that the Annerish people are either one and the same with, or a subgroup of the [[:w:Belgae|Balgae]] who migrated from the Gallo-Germanic confederation to southern Britain and later fled to Ireland at the wake of [[w:Roman conquest of Britain|the Roman conquest]]. Many characteristic features of [[:w:Common_Brittonic|Brythonic]] and Goidelic languages are shared with the Annerish language, which had previously been regarded as Celtic. True classification has also been obscured by the crucial lack of [[:w:Verner%27s_law|Verner's law]], along with sweeping sound changes by analogy with the mutation strategies of the dominant languages that reverse some of the effects of [[:w:Grimm%27s_law|Grimm's law]], though notably not in reflexes of *hw- and *þw- initials.

A list of the most important changes will be given below (in approximate order):

Labiovelars become bilabials:

*kw> p-, -b- (*kwrammaz> *pramm~''pram'' - damp, *nakwô> *nǫba~''napa'' - ship); *gw> b-, -g- (*gwenþiz> *bũıḋ~''bóıd'' - fight, *snaigwaz> *nnœ́ġ~''neòg'' - snow); *ngw> -mb- (*slangwijō> *llaımb~''laım'' - sling); *hw> f (*hwītaz> *fíd~''fíot'' - white, *tēhwō> *téŭf~''teòfa'')

==Phonology==

===Consonants===

===Mutation===

===Modifiers===

====Particles====

====Adjectives====

IIIsg masc. becomes (s)ed before vowels, while (s)í triggers h-prosthesis, which can surface even when the pronouns are dropped after finite verb forms; níe <verb-n ía which took over and survived older variants like ḋía, íaḋ, and ían (cf.: Gaelic íat), hence this leaves eclipsis when pro-dropping and t-prosthesis before vowels; emphatic with n- (-re <genitive, in analogy with muírre) is becoming more common, while h- in IIIfem. is declining. Similarly, myr <verb-m ụ́r (extended from ụ́ when infixed pronouns became the norm;) nuor, originally nụ́r(r), a less prominent variant of nár which gives the unstressed ar; The homophonic ur (<ᴏɪḃḟọr) in colloquial speech was ambiguous and thus both were proscribed, until the -r was deleted, merging all the plural possessives. Rıb [ɹuˑ] (<-r [ṡ]iḃ, influenced by ᴏɪsịḃ and the prepositional inflextion in -ḃ which was originally -ṗ from the dual, but those collapsed and the original plural fell obsolete due to the dissolution of an early T-V distinction) in the most modern language slowly morphs into [juˑ] under pressure from English, motivated further by the incidental similarity of the possessive eoır [ˈjɤɹə]. The original T-V was very short lived and mostly aided in the merger of the IIIsg and IIsg verbal forms with its corresponding phonetically similar endings (tho also see above for prep.), however the dual inflection was maintained into something of an inclusive Ipl. This later developed into a polite pronoun for both Isg; IIsg; and Ipl. with its inclusivity still usual, but not mandatory. The independent forms hail from *bai - N: bé, béıse~bıse; P: uor~ar~aɴ/suʟ ___ bé (<béıeɴ), while the determiner meaning both is modelled after the accusative *banz> C: báʜ [bʷɑ]; G: baıde~baíɴ [bʷæjə]; D: baí(b) [bʷæi̯(v)] (this can be combined with bé to explicitly mean '[exclusively] us both' - C: bá dbé(ɴ); G: aɴ/suʟ _ baín bé; D: baí bé.) A unique quotative pronoun, referring to the oneself in others' reported speech, has developed from the variant of the IIsg: thy (E: thysa.) The rest of the forms and inflextion is normally covered by the ordinary IIsg, tho the possessive su [ᴍ~ʟ], suíse was used (probably <*sīnaz.) The possessives were borrowed/remodelled after the Celtic clitic, with the adjectives seeing limited independent pronominal use, however in late OA literature the mixed mutation effect of the influence from the inflected forms showed through: mu(n)ᴍ, du(t)ᴍ, su(s)ᴍ, a(r)ᴍ (variant spellings: mo/ma; do/da/tho/thu/tha; so/sa; e/ı.) The IIIsg possessives were in conflict with the learned Old Irish forms, where masculine and neuter cause lenition,  feminine – aspiration, while the expected Germanic reflexes all cause aspiration and that is still observed in the very earliest of Old Annerish texts where singular a/e/ı causes lenition less frequently, mostly with Gaelic vocab; later this was ironed out in the masc.ʟ and fem;ᴍ>ʜ but in the neuter the choice of mutation was rather chaotic until the class' dissolution by the E.Mod. period.

===Adpositions===

===Verbs===

Verbal morphology is the most complex subject of Annerish grammar; despite the relative paucity of conjugated forms, categorising paradigms has proven difficult. Native scholarship, namely the Bésgnae Béırle, have used a minimal numbering system based on the present stem: in the I^st conjugation it ends with a broad consonant, in the II^nd with a slender, in the III^rd with a nasal that is dropped in the other stems, and in the IV^th there is no closing consonant. Bernthaler (1907) proposes a weak—strong classification similar to German, however, the relationship between all six crucial stems and their formation more closely resembles that of Old Irish. This article largely follows Teagan et al. (2003).

Every verb is lemmatised as a '''verbal noun''' which forms the periphrastic present. Derivational strategies have varied wildly, though most verbal nouns resemble the independent form of the "present" (''see below for ᴛᴍᴀ''.) [[w:Pluractionality|Verbal number]] can be expressed by declining some verbal nouns for number, though most are lexically fixed as either singular or collective only.

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====Conjugation====

=====Narrative=====

=====Preterite=====

==Syntax==

The constituent order of words in any given sentence is typically verb-subject-object (VSO).

===Dependent clauses===

==Example texts==

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