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Proto-Tungric: Difference between revisions
→Strong verbs
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#'''Class 3:''' The past stem is identical to the present stem — e.g. ''*'''fip'''ō'' "I drink" > ''*'''fip'''ai'' "I drank"--> | #'''Class 3:''' The past stem is identical to the present stem — e.g. ''*'''fip'''ō'' "I drink" > ''*'''fip'''ai'' "I drank"--> | ||
#'''Class 3:''' The past stem is formed by reduplication of the first consonant followed by ''-e-'' — e.g. ''*'''han'''ō'' "I sing" > ''*'''hegan'''ai'' "I sang" (note: ''*hegan-'' is underlyingly ''*hehan-'') | #'''Class 3:''' The past stem is formed by reduplication of the first consonant followed by ''-e-'' — e.g. ''*'''han'''ō'' "I sing" > ''*'''hegan'''ai'' "I sang" (note: ''*hegan-'' is underlyingly ''*hehan-'') | ||
#'''Irregular:''' The past stem is formed in another | #'''Irregular:''' The past stem is formed in another way besides those above, and/or the present tense has a vocalic suffix — e.g. ''*stô'' "I stand" > ''*steþai'' "I stood" | ||
Verbs in all of these classes may or may not have a ''j''-suffix in the present tense. Such verbs are said to be ''j''-presents, and may be light or heavy. This affects the present tense suffixes in much the same way as it does in nouns and adjectives. | Verbs in all of these classes may or may not have a ''j''-suffix in the present tense. Such verbs are said to be ''j''-presents, and may be light or heavy. This affects the present tense suffixes in much the same way as it does in nouns and adjectives. | ||
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| *barg'''ijēri''' | | *barg'''ijēri''' | ||
| *barg'''īzēnd''' | | *barg'''īzēnd''' | ||
|- | |||
|} | |||
====='''Irregular strong verbs'''===== | |||
'''Example: *''stēsi'' (irregular, present suffix ''-ê/ô-'') "to stand"''' | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
! colspan="2"| Infinitive | |||
| colspan="3"| *st'''êsi''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| *st'''ênþs''' | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Present participle | |||
| colspan="3"| *sta'''þaz''' | |||
|- | |||
! !! colspan="4" | Present !! colspan="2"| Past !! rowspan="2"| Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! !! colspan="2"| Indicative !! colspan="2" | Subjunctive !! Indicative !! Subjunctive | |||
|- | |||
! !! Active !! Passive !! Active !! Passive !! Active!! Active !! Active | |||
|- | |||
! 1S | |||
| *st'''ô''' | |||
| *st'''ôr''' | |||
| *st'''ǫ̂''' | |||
| *st'''ôr''' | |||
| *steþ'''ai''' | |||
| *stiþ'''izǭ''' | |||
|- | |||
! 2S | |||
| *st'''êz''' | |||
| *st'''êzar''' | |||
| *st'''ôz''' | |||
| *st'''ôzar''' | |||
| *stid'''istai''' | |||
| *stiþ'''izēz''' | |||
| *stê | |||
|- | |||
! 3S | |||
| *st'''êd''' | |||
| *st'''êdar''' | |||
| *st'''ôd''' | |||
| *st'''ôdar''' | |||
| *stiþ'''id''' | |||
| *stiþ'''izēd''' | |||
|- | |||
! 1P | |||
| *st'''êmaz''' | |||
| rowspan="3"| *st'''êminai''' | |||
| *st'''ômaz''' | |||
| rowspan="3"| *han'''ôminai''' | |||
| *steþ'''amaz''' | |||
| *stid'''izēmaz''' | |||
|- | |||
! 2P | |||
| *st'''êdiz''' | |||
| *st'''ôdiz''' | |||
| *stid'''istiz''' | |||
| *stid'''izēþiz''' | |||
| *st'''êd''' | |||
|- | |||
! 3P | |||
| *st'''ênd''' | |||
| *st'''ônd''' | |||
| *sted'''ēri''' | |||
| *stid'''izēnd''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||