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Proto-Tungric: Difference between revisions
→an-stems
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Could be any gender. Masculine and feminine were declined the same.<!-- Feminine ''n''-stems were rare, since most original cases were reformed to ''ōn''-stems.--> | Could be any gender. Masculine and feminine were declined the same.<!-- Feminine ''n''-stems were rare, since most original cases were reformed to ''ōn''-stems.--> | ||
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center | {| class=wikitable style=text-align:center | ||
! !! colspan="2"| * | ! !! colspan="2"| *gamǭ ''m.'' "man" || colspan="2"| *ahtijō ''f.'' "action" || colspan="2"| *namǭ ''n.'' "name" || colspan="2"| *ankwǭ ''n.'' "fat, grease" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Nominative | ! Nominative | ||
| rowspan="2"| * | | rowspan="2"| *gam'''ǭ''' | ||
| rowspan="2"| * | | rowspan="2"| *gam'''aniz''' | ||
| rowspan="2"| *aht'''ijǭ''' | |||
| rowspan="2"| *aht'''īniz''' | | rowspan="2"| *aht'''īniz''' | ||
| rowspan="3"| *nam'''ǭ''' | | rowspan="3"| *nam'''ǭ''' | ||
| rowspan="3"| *nam'''nō''' | | rowspan="3"| *nam'''nō''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||
| * | | *gam'''anį''' | ||
| * | | *gam'''aninz''' | ||
| *aht'''īnį''' | |||
| *aht'''īninz''' | | *aht'''īninz''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| * | | *gam'''aniz''' | ||
| * | | *gam'''anǭ''' | ||
| *aht'''īniz''' | |||
| *aht'''īnǭ''' | | *aht'''īnǭ''' | ||
| *nam'''niz''' | | *nam'''niz''' | ||
| *nam'''nǭ''' | | *nam'''nǭ''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| * | | *gam'''anī''' | ||
| * | | *gam'''ambiz''' | ||
| *aht'''īnī''' | |||
| *aht'''īmbiz''' | |||
| *nam'''nī''' | | *nam'''nī''' | ||
| *nam'''nibiz''' | | *nam'''nibiz''' | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! Instrumental | ! Instrumental | ||
| * | | *gam'''ani''' | ||
| *gam'''ambaz''' | |||
| * | | *aht'''īni''' | ||
| *aht'''īmbaz''' | |||
| *nam'''ni''' | | *nam'''ni''' | ||
| *nam'''nibaz''' | | *nam'''nibaz''' | ||
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'''Note:''' | '''Note:''' | ||
#As shown in the case of *''namǭ'', the expected *''-an-'' in endings was reduced to *''-n-'' in some nouns. In some other nouns, it was instead replaced with *''-in-''. <!--Generally, neuter nouns ending in *''-mô'' follow the former pattern, while other neuter nouns follow the latter pattern.--> | #As shown in the case of *''namǭ'', the expected *''-an-'' in endings was reduced to *''-n-'' in some nouns. In some other nouns, it was instead replaced with *''-in-''. <!--Generally, neuter nouns ending in *''-mô'' follow the former pattern, while other neuter nouns follow the latter pattern.--> | ||
#''*ahtijǭ'' is an example of a heavy ''j''-suffixed ''an''-stem, where expected **''-ijan/ijin-'' was contracted to *''-īn-''. Similarly, in light ''j''-suffixed ''an''-stems, expected **''-jan/jin-'' was contracted to *''-in-''. | |||
#Some ''an''-stems had an irregular nominative singular ending (or, in the case of neuter nouns, nominative-vocative-accusative singular ending). | #Some ''an''-stems had an irregular nominative singular ending (or, in the case of neuter nouns, nominative-vocative-accusative singular ending).<!-- | ||
#''an''-stems whose nominative singular ended in *''-ijǭ'' or ''-jǭ'' had *''-īn-'' and *''-in-'' respectively instead of expected **''-ijan-'' or **''-jan-''. | #''an''-stems whose nominative singular ended in *''-ijǭ'' or ''-jǭ'' had *''-īn-'' and *''-in-'' respectively instead of expected **''-ijan-'' or **''-jan-''.--> | ||
====''ōn''-stems==== | ====''ōn''-stems==== | ||