Ash: Difference between revisions

12 bytes removed ,  8 August 2023
.ash-column
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* Sibilant palatalisation spreads in both directions through clusters; sibilants are also palatalised after {{IPA|/i/}} in coda position.
* Sibilant palatalisation spreads in both directions through clusters; sibilants are also palatalised after {{IPA|/i/}} in coda position.


<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-columns">
<div class="ash-column">
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
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|}
|}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
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|}
|}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
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|}
|}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
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|}
|}
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
</div>


A nasal before another nasal due to its poststopped nature results in the same kind of cluster as a plosive before a nasal but additionally nasalises the preceding vowel, even across words.
A nasal before another nasal due to its poststopped nature results in the same kind of cluster as a plosive before a nasal but additionally nasalises the preceding vowel, even across words.
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With ditransitive verbs such as causatives two referents can appear before the verb or the same displacement can take place.
With ditransitive verbs such as causatives two referents can appear before the verb or the same displacement can take place.


<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-columns">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|oas ga bahba sa͠a ỏ<u>hh</u>oyya ga}}
|phrase={{ash|oas ga bahba sa͠a ỏ<u>hh</u>oyya ga}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|oas ga o sa͠a ỏ<u>ss</u>oyya ga bahba go}}
|phrase={{ash|oas ga o sa͠a ỏ<u>ss</u>oyya ga bahba go}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
</div>


Inversion is especially important when the subject is being omitted as person markers do not exist.
Inversion is especially important when the subject is being omitted as person markers do not exist.


<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-columns">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ẻhheas yo}}
|phrase={{ash|ẻhheas yo}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ẻsseas e}}
|phrase={{ash|ẻsseas e}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
</div>


====Reflexivity====
====Reflexivity====
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Besides the direct and inverse agency prefixes, verbs can also take a reflexive one.
Besides the direct and inverse agency prefixes, verbs can also take a reflexive one.


<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-columns">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|oadnah ảyısa͠as yo}}
|phrase={{ash|oadnah ảyısa͠as yo}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|{{AshMidhook|ảo}} ga oadnah ảyısa͠a ma}}
|phrase={{ash|{{AshMidhook|ảo}} ga oadnah ảyısa͠a ma}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
</div>


Reflexivity can be used to disambiguate between referents.
Reflexivity can be used to disambiguate between referents.


<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-columns">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻsbadsas yo}}
|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻsbadsas yo}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻwıbadsas yo}}
|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻwıbadsas yo}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
</div>


====Incorporation====
====Incorporation====
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An unstressed locative verb is required as a topical marker following a fronted nominal, resembling a particle. The choice of verb functions much like a noun class classifier and can be used to differentiate between various meanings of a single nominal lexeme.
An unstressed locative verb is required as a topical marker following a fronted nominal, resembling a particle. The choice of verb functions much like a noun class classifier and can be used to differentiate between various meanings of a single nominal lexeme.


<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-columns">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ĩbmo͠o mo}}
|phrase={{ash|ĩbmo͠o mo}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ĩbmo͠o na}}
|phrase={{ash|ĩbmo͠o na}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
</div>


Used this way they nonetheless remain verbs and form separate clauses.
Used this way they nonetheless remain verbs and form separate clauses.
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Converbial location is generic and locative verbs can be used to specify the meaning.
Converbial location is generic and locative verbs can be used to specify the meaning.


<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-columns">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|{{AshMidhook|ảo}} sas sa͠a}}
|phrase={{ash|{{AshMidhook|ảo}} sas sa͠a}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|{{AshMidhook|ảo}} sas laa}}
|phrase={{ash|{{AshMidhook|ảo}} sas laa}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
</div>


===Possession===
===Possession===
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The fossilised set of nouns that take the possessive prefix {{ash|n-}} can follow directly after a classified possessor.
The fossilised set of nouns that take the possessive prefix {{ash|n-}} can follow directly after a classified possessor.


<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-columns">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ảhdo ga ndoo ya}}
|phrase={{ash|ảhdo ga ndoo ya}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ảhdo gã bmo͠o na}}
|phrase={{ash|ảhdo gã bmo͠o na}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
</div>


Otherwise converbs such as the locative {{ash|-s}} serve to mark the possessor of a possessum depending on the relationship.
Otherwise converbs such as the locative {{ash|-s}} serve to mark the possessor of a possessum depending on the relationship.


<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-columns">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ảhdo gas ảnda mmo}}
|phrase={{ash|ảhdo gas ảnda mmo}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">{{gloss
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ảhdo gawı ảnda mmo}}
|phrase={{ash|ảhdo gawı ảnda mmo}}
|gloss=Atwa=CLF-BEN bread=CLF.TOP
|gloss=Atwa=CLF-BEN bread=CLF.TOP
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
</div>


==Pragmatics and conventions==
==Pragmatics and conventions==
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Wants, needs, desires and possibilities are often just expressed through morphological means in Ash, such as irrealis forms, potentials and interrogatives.
Wants, needs, desires and possibilities are often just expressed through morphological means in Ash, such as irrealis forms, potentials and interrogatives.


<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-columns">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ẻhhoes yo}}
|phrase={{ash|ẻhhoes yo}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|ẻhhoes no}}
|phrase={{ash|ẻhhoes no}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="float: left">
<div class="ash-column">
{{gloss
{{gloss
|phrase={{ash|bahba go ẻhhoe no}}
|phrase={{ash|bahba go ẻhhoe no}}
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}}
}}
</div>
</div>
<div style="clear: both"></div>
</div>


===Colour terms===
===Colour terms===
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