Ash: Difference between revisions

* Sibilant palatalisation spreads in both directions through clusters; sibilants are also palatalised after {{IPA|/i/}} in coda position.

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A nasal before another nasal due to its poststopped nature results in the same kind of cluster as a plosive before a nasal but additionally nasalises the preceding vowel, even across words.

With ditransitive verbs such as causatives two referents can appear before the verb or the same displacement can take place.

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|oas ga bahba sa͠a ỏ<u>hh</u>oyya ga}}

}}

</div>

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|oas ga o sa͠a ỏ<u>ss</u>oyya ga bahba go}}

}}

</div>

Inversion is especially important when the subject is being omitted as person markers do not exist.

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|ẻhheas yo}}

}}

</div>

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|ẻsseas e}}

}}

</div>

====Reflexivity====

Besides the direct and inverse agency prefixes, verbs can also take a reflexive one.

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|oadnah ảyısa͠as yo}}

}}

</div>

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|{{AshMidhook|ảo}} ga oadnah ảyısa͠a ma}}

}}

</div>

Reflexivity can be used to disambiguate between referents.

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻsbadsas yo}}

}}

</div>

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻwıbadsas yo}}

}}

</div>

====Incorporation====

An unstressed locative verb is required as a topical marker following a fronted nominal, resembling a particle. The choice of verb functions much like a noun class classifier and can be used to differentiate between various meanings of a single nominal lexeme.

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|ĩbmo͠o mo}}

}}

</div>

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|ĩbmo͠o na}}

}}

</div>

Used this way they nonetheless remain verbs and form separate clauses.

Converbial location is generic and locative verbs can be used to specify the meaning.

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|{{AshMidhook|ảo}} sas sa͠a}}

}}

</div>

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|{{AshMidhook|ảo}} sas laa}}

}}

</div>

===Possession===

The fossilised set of nouns that take the possessive prefix {{ash|n-}} can follow directly after a classified possessor.

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|ảhdo ga ndoo ya}}

}}

</div>

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|ảhdo gã bmo͠o na}}

}}

</div>

Otherwise converbs such as the locative {{ash|-s}} serve to mark the possessor of a possessum depending on the relationship.

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|ảhdo gas ảnda mmo}}

}}

</div>

|phrase={{ash|ảhdo gawı ảnda mmo}}

|gloss=Atwa=CLF-BEN bread=CLF.TOP

}}

</div>

==Pragmatics and conventions==

Wants, needs, desires and possibilities are often just expressed through morphological means in Ash, such as irrealis forms, potentials and interrogatives.

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|ẻhhoes yo}}

}}

</div>

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|ẻhhoes no}}

}}

</div>

{{gloss

|phrase={{ash|bahba go ẻhhoe no}}

}}

</div>

===Colour terms===